Tsabola wofiira kapena tsabola akhala otchuka kwambiri kuposa achibale awo okoma. Tsabola zonse ziri mu banja la Solanaceae, ndi tomato , eggplant , ndi mbatata . Liwu lakuti 'tsabola yotentha' silidongosolo la zomera. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo a zipatso ndi / kapena kutentha kwake. Munthu wina dzina lake Wilbur Scoville atangoyamba kupanga njira yowonetsera utoto wa tsabola, malo ake otentha kwambiri adalowa m'zigawo 20,000.
Habanero ndi tizilombo ta Thai zimatha kufika 60,000. Yerekezerani izi ndi tsabola wokoma belu pazero.
Zimaganiziridwa kuti tsabola zonse, zotentha komanso zokoma, zimachokera ku tsabola ya chiltepin ya Central America. Mitengo ya tsabola yotentha kwambiri ndi Capsicum annum, yomwe imaphatikizapo cayenne, paprika ndi jalapenos, komanso tsabola wokoma. Kutentha kwambiri kuli Capsicum chinense, komwe kumaphatikizapo Habanero ndi Thai Chilies.
Ngakhale tsabola ndi osatha zomera , iwo amakula kwambiri monga annuals . Columbus akudziwika kuti akubweretsa tsabola ku Spain, m'malo mwa tsabola weniweni (Piper nigrum).
Dzina la Botanical
Ngakhale kuti tsabola yomwe ili pamtunda wa Scoville nthawi zambiri imasonkhana palimodzi, pali mitundu yambiri ya tsabola yomwe imagwera m'gulu ili. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
Capsicum annum, Bacsum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum frutescens
Mayina Amodzi
Tsabola Wotentha, Chili, Chili, Chile
Malo Ovuta
Pepper zomera zimakhala zolimba perennials m'madera otentha a USDA Hardiness Zones 11 ndi pamwamba. Kwina kulikonse iwo amakula monga annuals. Komabe, n'zotheka kubweretsa m'nyumba ya tsabola m'nyengo yozizira.
Zomera Zokhwima
Kukula kwa mbeu yanu yotentha tsabola kumasiyana malingana ndi zosiyana siyana zomwe mukukula ndi zokula.
Mitengo ya tsabola yotentha kwambiri imakula pafupifupi 1 ft .wx 2 - 3 ft. H. Ena amatha kukula ngati 5 ft.
Kutuluka kwa dzuwa
Tsabola zotentha ndi okonda kutentha. Amasowa malo mu dzuwa lonse , kukula bwino ndikuika maluwa ndi zipatso.
Masiku Okolola
Masiku mpaka kukhwima adzadalira mtundu wa tsabola wotentha omwe mukukulira komanso zomwe zikukula. Ambiri amatenga masiku osachepera 55 mpaka 80 kuchoka. Ngati nyengo ikhala yozizira kapena ngati nyengo yowonjezera mvula, idzatenga nthawi yaitali kuti zomera za tsabola zatentha ziziyambira maluwa ndi kucha zipatso zawo.
Nthawi ndi Momwe Mungakolole Tsabola Wotentha
Mukhoza kusunga masamba anu popereka tsabola wotentha kwambiri pokolola nthawi zonse, kamodzi akafika kukula kokwanira. Amaluwa ambiri amalola kuti tsabola zawo zizitsuka ndi kusintha mtundu, koma zipatso zabwino zimataya kutentha kwawo.
Dulani zipatso kuchokera ku chomera, osakokera. Tsabola zabwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa masiku otuta. Zitha kukhalanso zamzitini kapena zowonongeka.
Mitundu Yowonjezera Yowonjezera Yowonjezera Yowonjezera
- "Black Black Czechoslovakian" - Chomera ndi chokongola kwambiri ndipo zipatso zazing'ono zimanyamula nkhonya. Zabwino zowuma.
- "Habanero" - Chikhalire chiyeso cha wokonda tsabola wotentha. Panopa pali mitundu yambiri ya Habeneros yomwe ilipo.
- "Cherry Red" - Mabomba ang'onoang'ono a chitumbuwa ndi obiriwira khungu komanso okongoletsera.
- "Hot Lemon" - Mchere ndi mtundu wokha, izi zimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukoma
- "Robustini" - Olemera kwambiri opanga
Nsonga Zowonjezera Kwambiri za Pepper
Dothi: Tsabola zowonjezereka zimatha kusintha mtundu wa nthaka. Amafunika kuthira bwino nthaka, choncho zina zowonjezera ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Komabe, zidzakhala zotentha kwambiri ngati dothi lakhala lochepa komanso losakwanira. Nthaka yopanda ndale pH ya pafupi 6.0 mpaka 6.8 ndi yabwino. Kuwaza kwa mchere wa Epson pa kubzala kumawoneka kuti kumathandiza zipatso, monga kumabzala zomera pabedi lawo.
Kudyetsa: Zokonza mapindu 8 ndi pamwamba, ndi nyengo yowonjezera, yotentha kwambiri, imatha kulondolera tsabola pokhapokha kutentha ndi kusakani. Koma tsabola wotentha kwambiri amayamba kuchokera ku mbewu m'nyumba kapena kugula ngati mbande .
Ngati mutayambitsa zitsamba zanu zokha, muziwapatsa nthawi yambiri yopanga.
Mbewu iyenera kuyambitsidwa 8 - 12 masabata musanafike tsiku lanu lotsiriza la chisanu . Mbeu imatha kuchepa Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha kapena njira zina zotenthetsa nthaka kumathamangira kumera. Komabe, zidzathandizanso kuti dothi liume mofulumira ndipo amafunika kuthirira mobwerezabwereza.
Muyenera kuwona mapepala oyambirira a masamba mkati mwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Panthawi imeneyo, mukhoza kuwasandutsa miphika yapadera ndikupitiriza kuwakulira m'nyumba.
Musanabzala m'munda, onetsetsani kuti mukuwumitsa mbande. Iwo amakhala otengeka kwambiri kutentha kwazizira. Yembekezani kuti musamuke m'mundamo kufikira mutayika chisanu ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutentha kumakhalabe kotsika kwambiri kuposa madigiri 50 F.
Mukamakoka, ziike pansi pamtunda wa inchi imodzi kuposa momwe zikukula m'miphika yawo. Pansi pa zimayambira zimatumiza mizu yaing'ono, kupanga zomera zamphamvu.
Sungani zomera zanu malinga ndi kukula kwake. Tsabola wonyezimira musamangokhalira kulimbidwa.
Tsabola amafunika kutentha (pafupifupi madigiri 70 F.), kukula ndikuika maluwa. Komabe, pa kutentha kwakukulu, madigiri 90 F. ndi kuposa ndipo pansi pa madigiri 60 F., iwo adzagwetsa maluwa mpaka zinthu zikhale zabwino.
Kusamalira Mitengo Yanu Yotentha Yamoto
Madzi: Tsabola zowonjezera zimafunika kuyanika pakati pa madzi, koma onetsetsani kuti amatha madzi osachepera 1 masentimita sabata iliyonse. Iwo adzagwetsa maluwa awo ngati aloledwa kukhala ndi chilala .
Kudyetsa: Kudyetsa kwambiri kudzachititsa zomera zamasamba ndi tsabola pang'ono. Onjezerani chinthu china chosafunika musanadzalemo, kuti muonetsetse kuti madzi abwino akuyambira. Mukhozanso kuwapatsa mlingo wa feteleza woyenera pa kubzala nthawi ndi nthawi pamene maluwa oyambirira akuwonekera. Amaluwa ambiri amawonjezera mchere wochepa wa Epsom kunthaka yobzala, monga mphamvu ya magnesium.
Kukwapula: Tsabola zotentha zimayika zipatso zochuluka kamodzi. Ngakhale mitundu ina ndi yokhazikika kuti ikhale yokhayokha, kuthira koyenera kungakhale kofunikira kuti zipatso zisakhale pansi.
Tizilombo ndi Matenda a Mitengo Yamoto ya Tsabola
Tizilombo tochepa timayambitsa zomera za tsabola wathanzi.
Komabe yang'anani zotsatirazi.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi thrips zimatha kuchepetsa zomera zakulirapo. Zizindikiro zimaphatikiziranso masamba kapena mapapati. tizilombo timene timatha kufalitsa mavairasi osachiritsidwa. Awononge zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
- Cutworms ikhoza kuchotsa zomera zazing'ono pamtunda. Kuphimba maziko a zomera ndi zojambulazo, mapepala a chimbudzi, kapena zina zotero zidzawafooketsa. Ngakhalenso mano opangira mano kumbali zonse za tsinde adzachita chinyengo.