Tomato watsopano ndi chimwemwe chenicheni cha munda wamaluwa. Koma tomato akhoza kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Mavuto omwe amamera tomato amapezeka chifukwa cha nyengo. Izi ndi zomwe zili kunja kwa woyang'anira munda. Komabe, ngati mudziwa kuti dera lanu liri pafupi ndi matenda ena, muyenera kuyang'ana mitundu yomwe yalembedwa ngati yosagonjetsedwa. Ntchito Yanu Yophatikiza Yowonjezera ikhoza kukuthandizani kumeneko.
Matenda a phwetekere siwowonongeka ngati kasamalidwe kabwino kamagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kugwira nthenda iliyonse ya phwetekere kumayambiriro, isanafike ku zomera zanu zonse za phwetekere komanso mwina zomera zina mumtundu womwewo, monga mbatata , eggplant , ndi tsabola . Nazi matenda ena a phwetekere, zizindikiro zawo ndi zomwe ayenera kuchita ngati matenda a phwetekere akuopseza munda wanu wamaluwa.
Matenda a phwetekere - masamba
Zovuta Kwambiri
Kuwala koyambirira kungakhudze masamba, zimayambira ndi zipatso za tomato.
Zizindikiro: Mdima wamdima ndi mphete zowonjezera zimayamba pamasamba akale poyamba. Dera lozungulira lomwelo likhoza kukhala lokasu. Masamba okhudzidwa amatha kufa msanga, kuwonetsa zipatso ku dzuwa scald.
Utsogoleri: Zozizira zoyambirira Blight overwinters mu zitsamba zamasamba ndipo zimabweretsa nthaka. Ikhozanso kubwerekanso. Chotsani zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kuyeretsa bwino kuwonongeka kwa munda m'munda. Mvula yamkuntho ndi kupsinjika kwa zomera imapangitsa mwayi woukira.
Mkuwa ndi / kapena sulfure sprays akhoza kuteteza chitukuko china cha bowa. Serenade® ya biofungicide imachepetsa mavuto.
Grey Leaf Spot
Gray Leaf Spot imakhudza masamba okha a tomato, kuyambira ndi masamba akale kwambiri.
Zizindikiro: Zing'onozing'ono, madontho amdima omwe amatha kuwona pamwamba ndi pansi pa masamba.
Mawanga amawonjezera ndi kutembenuza bulauni. Potsirizira pake, malo a mawanga amawomba ndikugwa. Malo osungira masamba amatha kukhala achikasu ndipo masamba adzauma ndi kusiya. Zipatso zopangidwa ndizitetezedwa.
Uphungu: Mafunde ofunda, owopsa amachititsa kuti vuto lalikulu la tsamba likhale loyera. Chotsani zomera zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kugwa m'munda wamakono. Sankhani mitundu yosagonjetsedwa.
Kusokoneza Kwanthawi Yakale
Bvuto losatha limakhudza zonse masamba ndi zipatso za tomato. Blight Bread ndi matenda omwe amachititsa a Irish Potato Njala. Kufikira Kanthawi Kofalikira kufalikira mofulumira. Kutentha, nyengo yamvula imalimbikitsa kukula kwa bowa. Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi Bwino Lomaliza, funsani Chithandizo Chapafupi chapafupi kuti mudziwe.
Zizindikiro: Mbalame imayang'ana, imaoneka ngati imvi pamasamba. Mtundu woyera wa nkhungu ungapangidwe kumadera osiyanasiyana, makamaka nyengo yamvula. Mawangawo amatsirizika ndi mapepala. Malo osokonezeka angawoneke pa zimayambira. Zipatso zimapanganso kukula, kosaoneka bwino, kofiira.
Uphungu: Copper sprays amapereka mphamvu zina. Serenade® imakhala yabwino kwambiri, osati mankhwala.
Zomwe Zidzakhala Zotsalira Zotsalira Zing'onozing'ono zimatha kudutsa m'malo ozizira. Popeza imafalikira ku mbatata, imadzinso ndi overwinters mu zinyalala za mbatata ndi mbewu, ngakhale kumadera ozizira.
Chotsani zinyalala zonse ndipo musasunge mbatata . Zambiri ndi chithunzi
Seporia Leaf Spot
Nthaŵi zina Septoria Leaf Spot imalakwitsa chifukwa cha Late Blight.
Zizindikiro: Zojambula pamapepala pamasamba zimakhala ndi zing'onozing'ono, zakuda mkati mwawo. Masamba achikulire amakhudzidwa poyamba.
Ulamuliro: Copper sprays ndi Serenade® zimathandiza kuthetsa kufalikira kwa zizindikiro. Zambiri ndi zithunzi
Southern Blight
Southern Blight amawonetsa ngati nkhungu yoyera ikukula pa tsinde pafupi ndi nthaka.
Zizindikiro: Mdima, malo ozungulira adzaonekera pamunsi wapansi ndipo tsinde lamkati ndi mkati lidzasanduka. Southern Blight bowa amawombera phwetekere ndipo amaletsa zomera kuti asatenge madzi ndi zakudya. Mitengo yaing'ono ingawonongeke pamtunda.
Utsogoleri: Mbewu yozungulira imakhala ikuthandiza. Palinso umboni wina wakuti kashiamu yowonjezera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza omwe ali ndi ammonium amapereka chitetezo.
Pezani zambiri zokhudza kulamulira ku Service Extension Service.
Verticillium Wilt
Dzina ili likhoza kusocheretsa, monga nthawi zina masamba adzasanduka chikasu, adzauma ndipo sadzawoneka ngati akufuna. Verticillium imayambitsidwa ndi bowa lodzaza nthaka ndipo lingakhudze masamba osiyanasiyana. Nkhumba zimatha kupitilira kunthaka kwa zaka zambiri, kotero kuti zamasamba zamasinthasintha ndi kusankha mitundu yolimbana ndizofunika kwambiri.
Zizindikiro : Wilting pa nthawi yotentha kwambiri pa tsiku ndikutulukira usiku, kumakhala wachikasu ndipo pamapeto pake amawunikira pakati pa mitsempha yam'mimba kuyambira kumayambiriro, masamba apansi ndi kutuluka mkati mwa zimayambira. Verticillium Wilt amaletsa mphamvu za mbeu kuti zilowe m'madzi ndi zakudya ndipo potsirizira pake zimapha mbewu. Verticillium imafuna kutchulidwa kwambiri nyengo yozizira. (Verticillium nthawi zambiri akhoza kusokonezeka ndi Fusarium .)
Utsogoleri: Chotsani zomera zomwe zimakhudza ndi kusankha mitundu yosagonjetsedwa. Zambiri komanso chithunzi kuchokera ku MD Online
Werengani zambiri za matenda a phwetekere omwe amakhudza chipatso.
Matenda a phwetekere - Zipatso
Matenda osokoneza bongo
Anthracnose ndi bowa wamba omwe amachititsa kuti phwetekere zivunda.
Zizindikiro: Mawanga aang'ono, ozungulira, otsekedwa amawoneka pa chipatso. Mawangawo adzawonjezeka kukula ndi kumdima pakati. Mawanga angapo angagwirizane pamene akukulitsa. Nthawi zambiri bowa amawombera zipatso za nthaka. Ikhoza kugwiranso ntchito kumayambiriro a Early Blight kapena masamba akufa. Mvula yamkuntho imalimbikitsa chitukuko cha Anthracnose. Matenda odzaza kwambiri omwe amakumana ndi nthaka yonyowa amapezeka makamaka.
Management: Copper sprays amatsutsa. Chotsani masamba 12 m'munsi mwa masamba kuti musagwirizane ndi nthaka. Musamwe madzi masamba, pansi pa chomeracho. Mfundo zambiri ndi chithunzi kuchokera ku Cornell University Cooperative Extension
Bacterial Speck
Pali mavuto angapo a bakiteriya omwe amakhudza tomato monga Bacterial Speck.
Zizindikiro: Zing'onozing'ono, zotukulidwa, mdima wambiri, kawirikawiri ndi malire oyera.
Utsogoleri: Copper fungicide poyamba amasonyeza zizindikiro. A
Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kwambiri
Blossom End Rot ndizofotokozera bwino ngati zilizonse.
Zizindikiro: Mdima wofiira / mawanga wakuda amakula pamapeto a chipatso cha chipatso ndikufutukula monga chipatso chokha. Utsogoleri: Nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi kusowa kashiamu panthawi ya zipatso. Izi zikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi feteleza wochuluka kwambiri wa nayitrojeni kapena kuthirira madzi osagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwa kupezeka kwa zakudya.
Utsogoleri: Chotsani zipatso zomwe zimakhudza ndikupereka madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Zambiri ndi chithunzi
Buckeye Rot
Kuphulika kwa Buckeye kukufala kwambiri m'mayiko akumwera, makamaka nthawi yamvula.
Zizindikiro: Rotkeye Rot ndi ofanana ndi Blossom End Rot , kupatula pa zipatso zobiriwira. Zipatso zouka, malo ovunda adzawoneke madzi-oviika, koma osati mdima. Zowola zimakula pambali ya chipatso chomwe chimakhudza nthaka. Malowa adzakulitsa ndikukula mphete zofanana ndi buckeye. Malo okhudzidwawo ndi osalala, amawasiyanitsa kuchokera ku Blight Blight, yomwe ili ndi malo oyipa.
Utsogoleri: Chotsani zipatso zomwe zimakhudza ndi kusunga zipatso za m'tsogolo kuti zisagwirizane ndi nthaka.
Grey Wall
Grey Wall kwenikweni ndi vuto.
Zizindikiro: Zipatso zobiriwira zimatha kukhala ndi imvi kapena imvi. Zipatso zidzakhala ndi malo obiriwira kapena zofiira mkati mwa chipatsocho.
Utsogoleri: Makhalidwe abwino amalepheretsa khoma lakuda. Onetsetsani kuti zomera sizing'onozing'ono, akulandira ngakhale madzi okwanira ndi feteleza komanso kuti nthaka silingamveke kuzungulira mizu. Kutentha kozizira komanso zomera zosautsa kapena zosawononga zimathandizanso kuti pakhale vutoli. Zambiri komanso chithunzi kuchokera ku Cornell University Cooperative Extension