Fusarium Wilt wa Tomato

Fusarium (foo-zair-ee-um) imayambitsidwa ndi bowa Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Fusarium wilt amapezeka padziko lonse ndipo ngakhale mitundu ya phwetekere yotsutsa ingakhudzidwe. Bowa limatengedwa ndi nthaka ndipo limalowa mumera kudzera mu mizu. Akalowa mkati, amamanga ndi kutseka xylem, minofu yomwe imachititsa madzi ndi zakudya zina kupyolera mu chomeracho, kuteteza madzi kuti asayende pamtunda ndi kunja kwa nthambi ndi masamba.

Sungathe kupha zomera za phwetekere, koma sizidzabala zipatso.

Mitundu ya Fusarium ikhoza kuyambitsa zomera zambiri monga: mbatata, tsabola, eggplant, nyemba ndi nthochi.

Zizindikiro za Verticillium zikhoza kukhala zofanana kwambiri ndi Fusarium.

Nchiyani Chimachititsa Fusarium Wilt?

Fusarium idzapangidwanso ndi nthaka ndipo imatha kukhala mu nthaka yachangu kwa zaka zambiri. Ikhoza kutengedwanso ndikufalitsidwa m'njira zambiri, monga:

• mbewu yodwala
• mbande kuchokera ku nthaka yodwala
• pansi pa nsapato
• mafosholo ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthaka
• nthaka yodwala imathamangira m'munda

Zinthu zabwino za Fusarium zikuphatikizapo nyengo yozizira, youma ndi dothi losavuta pH (5.0 - 5.6)

Pali mitundu ya phwetekere yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi fusarium wilt, koma ngati ifooka ndi mizu ya nematode, imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Mbewu zomwe zimapezeka ndi Fusarium zimafuna kuti zikhale zovuta ndipo poyamba zitha kutenga kachilomboka, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mupeze zithunzi zambiri ndi kufotokozera zizindikiro za Fusarium Wilt ndi momwe mungazigwiritsire ntchito.

Zizindikiro za Fusarium Wilt pa Tomato

Fusarium wilt nthawi zina akhoza kusokonezeka ndi mailonda ena, koma apa pali zizindikilo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira izo mu tomato:

• Wilting Zomera zidzafuna kwenikweni. Kawirikawiri imayamba ndi tsamba limodzi kapena mphukira, pafupi ndi pamwamba pa chomeracho. Idzapulumuka usiku, pamene kutentha kuli kozizira, koma pamene ikukula, zomera zonse sizidzapulumuka. Kuthirira sikumapangitsa kusiyana.

• Masamba Ochepa Kumunsi masamba adzasanduka chikasu, nthawi zambiri kumayambira kumbali imodzi yokha. Monga momwe kudula, chikasu chidzasuntha chomeracho pang'onopang'ono.
• Masamba Ouma Masamba opota adzauma ndi kugwa.
• Mtsempha Wotukulidwa Ngati mutsegula utsi wautali wautali mudzawona mitsinje yakuda.

Kusamalira ndi Kulamulira Fusarium Wilt wa Tomato

Palibe mankhwala a Fusarium ndipo popeza amapitiliza kunthaka kwa zaka zambiri, zingakhale zovuta kuthetsa. Nazi zina mwa njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti muzisamala.

1. Mitundu Yotsutsa - Ngati mwakhala mukukumana ndi mavuto a Fusarium, mudzakhala anzeru kuti mukhale ndi mitundu yovuta. Mapaketi a mbewu ndi mbande zambiri zidzatchedwa ndi kukana matenda osiyanasiyana. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana mndandanda wa mbewu za kusankha.
2. Dothi lopanda nthaka - Ngati mukuyamba mbande zanu, yambani ndi kusakaniza kopanda madzi .
3. Phulani Nthaka pH - Ikani mandimu kunthaka yanu, kuti pH upitirire kuwonjezeka kwa 6.5 - 7.0.

1. Kuletsa Nematodes - Popeza mizu yotchedwa nematodes ingachepetse kukana Fusarium, musalole kuti nematode akhazikitsidwe m'nthaka yanu.
2. Musamalimbikitse - Pewani kuvulaza mizu ya zomera mwa kusagwiritsa ntchito khola kapena kulima pafupi ndi zomera za phwetekere . Mizu yoonongeka ndi malo olowera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
3. Zida Zokonza Mavitayira - Chotsani zipangizo zonse zomwe zitha kukhudzana ndi dothi la kachilomboka ndipo zikhale chizoloŵezi choyeretsa nthawi zonse ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zanu zam'munda.

1. Sinthasintha Mbewu Zanu - Popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingapitirire kunthaka kwa zaka zambiri , mufunika kupeza malo ena oti mubzala tomato wanu. Kutembenuka kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kumalimbikitsidwa, koma izi sizikutitsimikizira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzatha.

Werengani za mavuto ambiri a phwetekere:
Zovuta Kwambiri
Kusokoneza Kwanthawi Yakale
Spetoria Leaf Spot

Zotsatira:
Fomu Yotsimikizika ya AVRDC
UC tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa Intaneti