Mukamayenda pamsewu wa feteleza kumalo osungirako ana kapena kumalo osungirako kunyumba, chinthu chachiwiri chomwe mungazindikire za kanjira (pambuyo pa fungo lapadera) ndizolemba zambiri. Mudzawona matumba ndi mabotolo, powders ndi granules, sprays ndipo amatsindika. Komanso, mudzapeza kuchulukanso kwa feteleza komanso "fetereza". Ndi yani yomwe ili yabwino kwa maluwa anu? Ganizirani za zisankhozo, ndipo sankhani feteleza yabwino kwambiri ya maluwa kuti mbeu yanu ikule bwino.
Feteleza wathunthu
Kwa ambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa wamaluwa , feteleza wathunthu ndi oyenera kuti apereke zomera ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe akufuna kuti zikhale bwino:
- Nayitrogeni (N): Amalimbikitsa masamba abwino
- Phosphorus kapena Phosphate (P): Zimakhudza mizu
- Potaziyamu kapena Potash (K): Zothandizira mu maluwa (ndi zipatso) kupanga
Dzina la feteleza lidzalemba mchere mwa dongosolo la NPK , ndi nambala zomwe zikuimira kuchulukitsa kwa michere poyerekeza ndi zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, fetereza 10-10-10 ili ndi 10% ya zakudya zonse. Zosakaniza zowonjezeramo ndizopangira zipangizo zomwe zimapangitsa kulemera ndi kulemera kwake, monga miyala yamchere, utuchi, dongo, muzowonjezera mafuta, kapena madzi opangira madzi.
Manyowa amaluwa amakhala ndi phosphorous peresenti poyerekezera ndi zina. Maluwa abwino amayamba ndi mizu yamphamvu, ndipo mphamvu ya phosphate imathandiza kuti maluwa anu ayambe bwino.
Mankhwala a feteleza
Manyowa a feteleza ndi otsika mtengo ndipo akufalikira, koma amachokera kuti?
Omwe amapanga feteleza amapanga feteleza zopangira mwa kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe amapanga kupanga mankhwala monga ammonium nitrate kapena magnesium sulphate. Ubwino wa feteleza zamakono ndi zomera zomwe zimakula mofulumira ngati maluwa apachaka amatenga zakudya mofulumira, kupatula ngati mpangidwewu wapangidwa kuti ukhale feteleza.
Kuipa kumaphatikizapo chiopsezo cha kugwiritsira ntchito, chomwe chimayambitsa moto, komanso kusowa kwa mikhalidwe iliyonse yowonjezera nthaka .
Manyowa a feteleza amabwera mumitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo pellets, madzi amatsindika, ndi ufa. Zina mwa katundu zimabwera mu mapangidwe omwe asanakhalepo omwe akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku kuthirira madzi. Njirazi zimapangitsa kuti mlimi azigwiritsa ntchito feteleza m'makina , nyumba, kapena malo.
Feteleza wa Foliar
Manyowa a Foliar ndi zakudya zamadzimadzi zomwe zomera zimadya kupyolera masamba awo. Si maluwa onse omwe amadyetsa bwino mwa njirayi, chifukwa nsonga ndi tsitsi pamasamba zimakhala ngati cholepheretsa kuwonjezereka kwa zakudya. Maluwa sangathe kulandira zakudya zonse zomwe amafunikira pamasamba awo, koma mukhoza kuthana ndi zofooka zina mwachangu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza foliar. Potaziyamu ndi imodzi yokha yomwe imadya zakudya zamagetsi , choncho gwiritsirani ntchito feteleza m'minda yamaluwa kuti muthetse vuto la potassium.
Ngati maluwa anu akusonyeza zizindikiro za chlorosis, monga chikasu cha masamba, zomera zanu zingakhale ndi kusowa kwachitsulo. Izi ndi zina zomwe zotsatira zofulumira zomwe zimapezeka ndi feteleza foliar zingathandize.
Organic feteleza
Manyowa opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamoyo, monga manyowa a nyama , emulsion ya nsomba, kapena nkhungu za masamba , ndi zinthu zosakhala zamoyo, monga rock phosphate kapena masamba.
Manyowa ochokera ku zinthu zakuthupi sikuti amathandiza kuti maluwa akhale ofunika kwambiri, komanso amachepetsa nthaka. Alimi omwe sadya zomwe amakula amamvetsa feteleza omwe amapezeka chifukwa iwo:
- Musatenthe zomera
- Limbikitsani chitetezo cha mthupi
- Zilibe poizoni kwa tizilombo zopindulitsa ndi nyama zakutchire
- Pitirizani kugwira ntchito m'nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali
Kuipa kwa feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza kumaphatikizapo ndalama zawo, kulawa kukoma kwa ziweto zina , ndi kupanga zochepa. Manyowa a feteleza sali okonzekera usiku wonse, kotero sangathe kukonza zofooka zambiri za mthupi mofulumira.
Feteleza Chosavuta
Ngati kuyesa kwa nthaka kukuwulula kuchepa kwa mgulu umodzi waukulu, mukhoza kugula feteleza yosavuta, yomwe imakhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous kapena potassium yokha. Manyowa ophweka akhoza kukhala mankhwala kapena mankhwala opangidwa.
Chitsanzo cha feteleza chosavuta cha nayitrogeni chingakhale chimodzi chimene chimatchula urea kapena ammonium sulphate monga chogwiritsira ntchito. Manyowa ophweka a phosphorous akhoza kulemba mndandanda wa superphosphate kapena nthaka ya phosphate monga chogwiritsira ntchito. Manyowa a potaziyamu akhoza kulemba muliate ya potashi mu chidebecho.
Feteleza Omasulidwa
Mwachidziwitso, feteleza zonse zimatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa zimatengera nthawi kuti zinthu zowonongeka ziwonongeke pakakhala nthaka ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chochepetseratu chochita feteleza chophatikizapo feteleza chimaphatikizapo chosungunuka chamchere feteleza, monga potashi ya miyala ndi miyala yambiri ya miyala.
Alimi omwe amafuna kuthira mchere kamodzi ndi kuiwala akhoza kugula feteleza pang'onopang'ono omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa kapena zipolopolo zamtundu wa capsule kuti azitha kutulutsa feteleza kwa milungu kapena miyezi ingapo. Mitundu ya fetelezayi imakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakusamalidwa kwapakhomo.