Sphyrapicus mitundu
Chiphalasitiki chotchuka kwambiri kumpoto kwa America, sapsucker wachikasu ndi chikasu chofunika kwambiri cha zamoyo ndi zinyama zina zambiri zimadalira maenje omwe amawombera okha, kuphatikizapo mbalame zina zambiri, mbalame zam'mimba, nkhwangwa ndi nkhuku.
Dzina Loyamba: Sapsucker ya Yellow-Bellied, Sapsucker, Wopanga Mitambo ya ku Spain, Common Sapsucker
Dzina la sayansi : Sphyrapicus varius (nthawi zina Picus varius )
Scientific Family : Picidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wolimba, wakuda, wowongoka, wakuda
- Kukula kwake : mainchesi 8 mpaka 9 ndi mapiko a mapaipi 16-18, mapiko aatali, chifuwa chachikulu, mchira
- Mabala : Ofiira, akuda, oyera, achikasu, a bulauni, aphungu, a imvi
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi nkhope yakuda ndi yofiira ndi nkhope yofiira ndi korona , komanso khosi lofiira ndi malire akuda. Mwambawo amaleredwa wakuda ndi oyera, omwe ali ndi mapiko osasunthika, omwe amadziwika bwino omwe amasonyeza chigamba choyera choyera choyamba kuyambira pamapewa ndi kupitilira mapiko. Chigambachi chikuwonetseranso molimba mtima pamwamba pazithawa. Mphuno imakhala yoyera, ndipo mchira wakuda uli ndi zoyera pakati pa nthenga zapakati. Zomwe zili pansizi zimakhala zofiira komanso zofiira, koma zimaoneka ngati imvi ndi kusamba kwa chikasu. Maonekedwe aakulu kwambiri ali pambali , ndipo chikasu chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri. Amuna ali ofanana ndi amuna koma angasonyeze kutsuka kumsana kumbuyo. Pakhosi la mkazi ndi loyera ndipo korona akhoza kukhala yosavuta kuposa ya amuna. Pa amuna ndi akazi onse, maso ndi amdima ndipo miyendo ndi miyendo ndi imvi.
Maofesi ali ofanana ndi akuluakulu koma osawerengedwa molimba mtima, osasowa chilichonse chofiira ndi zolemba zochepa pa nkhope. Kusamba kwa bulauni kumawoneka pamutu ndi kumbuyo, ndipo malire akumdima sangakhalepo kapena sakwanira.
Mitundu ndi ya monotypic.
Zakudya : Sap, tizilombo, zipatso, zipatso, mtedza, masamba, mbewu ( Onani: Omnivorous )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mitengo imeneyi imakonda nkhalango kapena mitengo yamitengo, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zosafunika . Mitengo yowonjezereka monga maple, birch, alder, aspen ndi hickory, imakonda kupezeka m'mapaki, minda ya zipatso, minda ndi kumbuyo komwe kuli mitengo yakula.
Mbalame yotchedwa yellow-bellied sapsucker imayambira kum'mawa kwa Alaska kudutsa nkhalango ya Canada kupita ku Newfoundland ndi Labrador ndi Nova Scotia, komanso kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, m'chigawo chapamwamba cha Michigan ndi New England. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira kummawa ndi kum'mwera kwa United States kuchokera kum'mawa kwa Massachusetts ndi Connecticut kupita ku Kentucky, kumwera kwa Missouri, Oklahoma ndi Texas. Nyengo yozizira imayendayenda ku Mexico ndi Central America mpaka kum'mwera monga Panama, ndipo mitengoyi imakhala yozizira ku Caribbean.
Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimawonekera kumadzulo kwa mbalamezi, makamaka nthawi ya kusamukira kwa madzi komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Zosawoneka zochepa kwambiri zimachitika ku Iceland, Ireland ndi Great Britain.
Zolemba:
Ngakhale kuti mitengoyi imakhala yamtendere, imakhala ndi mfuti kapena phokoso lamphongo lomwe limakhala lalifupi kapena limangoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Pulogalamu ya drumming ndi yosasintha ndipo imatha masekondi 4-6. Anthu omwe ali ndi njoka zam'mimba amawomba pazitsulo, monga zizindikiro, mavitita kapena mavitamini kuti awonjeze resonance ndi kufalitsa kwambiri gawo lawo.
Makhalidwe:
Mitengo ya nkhuni imakhala yokha kapena imawoneka pawiri panthawi yoperekera. Pamene akudyera, amakoola mitundu iwiri ya mabowo mumtengo woyenera - ang'onoang'ono, mabowo ozama kwambiri kapena mabowo aakulu. Amateteza zitsimezi kuchokera ku mitengo ina yamatabwa ndi hummingbirds, ndipo amagwira ntchito kuti asunge mabowo akuluakulu kuti asunge madzi. Akamadyetsa, amanyenga pazitsime kapena amakoka pansi ku nyerere kapena tizilombo tothawa. Pokhala kuthawa, zida zawo zakuya zimapanga njira yopulumukira yowuluka.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimachitika mukamacheza mwachidule zomwe zimaphatikizapo ziphwando zazing'ono ndi kuthamangitsa anthu omwe akukhala nawo pafupi mitengo. Awiri amagwira ntchito limodzi pa masiku 7 mpaka 10 kuti afufuze malo odyera, makamaka mamita 660 pamwamba pa nthaka.
Palibe nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale kuti nkhuni zina zapangidwe zimakhalabe muzitsamba pamene mazira ayikidwa. Zomangamanga zimatha kubwereranso kwa zaka zingapo ngati iwo akhalabe oyenera.
Mazira oyera ndi ovunda-kapena opangidwa mozungulira, ndipo alipo 4-7 pa ana . Makolo awiriwa amaphatikizapo ntchito yobwezeretsa masiku 12-13, ndipo atatha kugwira ntchito, makolo onsewa amadyetsa achinyamata ochepa masiku 25-30. Atsikanawo atachoka chisa, makolo onsewa amawaphunzitsa za kuyamwa.
Mbalame zam'mimba zimakhala zofiira ndi abambo ofiira a red-breasted sapsuckers kumene mitundu ya mitunduyi imakhala ikugwera, ndipo kuzindikiritsa ana kumeneku kungakhale kovuta kapena kosatheka chifukwa cha kufanana pakati pa mitunduyo.
Sapuckers Odzikongoletsera Oyera
Mbalamezi zimayenda mofulumira kupita kumalo osungirako nkhuni omwe ali ndi mitengo yokhwima, komwe amadyetsa pa suet feeders kapena amatha kudya chakudya cha hummingbird. Mankhwalawa amakhalanso ndi dzino lokoma ndipo amatha kudya zakudya zopatsa mafuta kapena amakopeka ndi zokometsera zokoma monga katsamba kapena ma coki.
Kusungidwa:
Mbalamezi sizikuwopsedwa kapena kuziika pangozi, koma nthawi zina zimazunzidwa chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti zitsime zawo zingawononge mitengo. Ngakhale ziri zoona kuti mtengo wokometsetsa kwambiri ukhoza kuvutika, izi ndizochepa ndipo sizimayambitsa nkhawa. M'madera ambiri, mitundu ya mitengoyi ikukula chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhalango yachiwiri yomwe ili ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Sapsucker wa Williamson ( Sphyrapicus thyroideus )
- Red-Naped Sapsucker ( Sphyrapicus nuchalis )
- Sapsucker ( Brephyed Breasted Sapsucker) ( Sphyrapicus ruber )
- Nubian Woodpecker ( Campethera nubica )
- Cardinal Woodpecker ( Dendropicos fuscescens )
- Mkulu Wopangira Mitengo ( Mkulu wa Dendrocopos )
Chithunzi - Mbalame Yapamwamba-Yamtundu - Mwamuna © Ed Schneider
Chithunzi - Mphuno Yachizungu-Yamtundu - Mkazi © Gerry
Chithunzi - Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker - Achinyamata © Fyn Kynd