Dendrocopos yaikulu
Mbalame yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku Ulaya ndi Asia, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamatabwa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika kumpoto kwa America. Kuwonetserako kamodzi kokha kumadzulo kwa Aleutian Islands kunalembedwa (ngakhale kuyang'ana kwa mbalame kuja mu filimu ya 2011 The Big Year ), koma mbalame nthawi zonse zimakhala zokhumba zambiri. Chosiyana ndi chokongola, mbalameyi ndi yamba yomwe imawoneka m'mapiri ndi m'mapaki ambiri.
Dzina Loyamba : Wopanga Mitengo Yambiri, Wowonjezera Wamtengo Wapatali
Dzina la sayansi: Zolemba zazikuluzikulu
Scientific Family: Picidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wamtundu, wakuda, wowongoka
- Kukula kwake : 8-10 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 16-inch mapafupi, chithunzi choongoka, mutu wozungulira, mchira wolimba
- Mitundu : Yamdima, yoyera, yofiira, ya pinki, yamaluwa, imvi
- Zizindikiro : mbalame zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimawoneka mosiyana. Amuna ali ndi pakhosi loyera, masaya ndi pamphumi zonse zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu zakuda, korona wakuda ndi nape yofiira kwambiri. Mtundu wakuda wakuda umafikira pachifuwa choyera, ndipo kumbuyo kuli wakuda. Mapiko ndi mchira ndi zakuda ndi mipira yoyera, ndipo chigamba chachikulu chowoneka ngati choyera chimawonekera pamapewa onse panthawi yoyenda komanso kuthawa. Zomwe zili pansizi zimakhala zoyera kuti zigwedezeke ndipo zovala zogulitsa zimakhala zofiira kwambiri. Amuna ali ofanana ndi amuna koma amakhala ndi nape yakuda m'malo mofiira. Maofesi ali ofanana ndi akuluakulu koma ali ndi chisoti chofiira, wotumbululuka pinki pamasitolo ndi oviira pamunsi ndi pansi. Zingwe za mapewa sizifotokozedwanso pa mbalame zazing'ono.
Zakudya: Tizilombo, mphutsi, mbewu, mazira, mtedza, zipatso ( Onani: Omnivorous )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mitengoyi imapezeka ponseponse m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowonongeka, makamaka pamene pali mowolowa manja oak, mtengo wa pine ndi mitengo ya spruce. Zikhozanso kupezeka m'mapaki, minda ndi kumbuyo.
Zaka zonse za mtengo wamtengo wapatali zimaphatikiza mbali zambiri za kumpoto ndi pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia, kuchokera ku United Kingdom kudzera ku Siberia kupita ku Japan ndi China. Mitunduyi ikuchepa kwambiri ku Turkey ndipo imapezeka ku Spain, Portugal ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, makamaka Morocco, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ali kumwera.
Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi sizimayenda mozungulira, zimatha kukhala osasunthika ndipo zimatha kuyendayenda pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zabwino kwambiri chaka chonse. Kuphulika kwakumwera kwakumwera kumachitika zaka zambiri pamene mbewu za kumpoto kwa nyerere ndizosauka.
Zolemba:
Chikoka chokweza, "chik" chokwera kwambiri chimamveka ndipo chikhoza kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza, mofulumira, ngakhale kuti sichidalumikizana kwambiri kuti chiwonedwe ngati nyimbo. Kuwombera kumalopo kuli msanga ndipo kumakhala pakati pa 8-20 kugunda pamphindi pang'onopang'ono, kumathamanga mofulumira. Kusewera kumakhala kofala kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu ndi chilimwe.
Makhalidwe:
Mitengo imeneyi imakhala ndekha kapena imapezeka pawiri. Akamagwiritsa ntchito chakudya , amawongolera mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo kapena nthambi zazikulu, akuyesa ming'alu ndi tizirombo ta tizilombo. Adzasungiranso mbeu za pine mumtengo wamtengo wapatali womwe udzakambirane pambuyo pake pamene chakudya chidzakhala chochepa. Kuthamanga kwawo kukungoyenda pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi mapiko othamanga omwe amalowa mkati mwazitsulo zochepa.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosagwirizana , ndipo kukangana mwachidule kumaphatikizapo mawonetsero ochepa owonetsera. Mbalame zamphongo zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimagwira ntchito kuti zifufuze chisa m'tchire choyenera, kawirikawiri zimakhala zofewa kapena mtengo wakufa, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mtunda wa mamita 560 pamwamba pa nthaka. Palibe chisa chokwanira chomwe chimamangidwa, ngakhale kuti chikhocho chikhoza kukhala chokwanira ndi nkhuni zamatabwa zotsalira kuchokera ku zofukula.
Mazira akuluakulu a nkhuni ndi oyera kwambiri, ndi mazira 4-7 mumtundu wamba. Ana amodzi okha amaikidwa chaka, ndipo makolo onse amagwira ntchito kuti ayambe mazira masiku 15-16. Achinyamata okonda zinyumba amakhala mu chisa kwa masiku 20-24 atatha, ndipo makolo onsewa adzadyetsa ndi kuzisamalira panthawi imeneyo.
Kukopa Mitengo Yabwino Yambiri:
Anthu amtengo wapatali omwe amapezeka pamatabwa amatha kupita kumbuyo kumbuyo kumene mbewu za mpendadzuwa , suet , batala wamkonde ndi nthanga zimapezeka komanso kumene mitengo yachikulire imapereka mwayi wokhala ndi chakudya.
Kusiya mitengo yakale bwino kumalimbikitsanso mitengoyi kuti ipeze malo oyenera, ndipo kuchepetsanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamitengo kudzaonetsetsa kuti chakudya chopatsa thanzi chopitirira, chomwe chimakhala ndi mapuloteni.
Kusungidwa:
Mitengoyi siopsezedwa kapena yowopsya, ndipo kufalikira kwa Dutch Elm Matenda omwe amasiya kumbuyo, mitengo yovunda ikuthandiza mitengo yamatabwa yambiri yomwe imadutsa m'madera ambiri. Mbalame zam'midzi m'mizinda zimatha kusinthasintha kwambiri malinga ndi kupezeka kwa malo abwino odyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa pamene mitengo yakufa imachotsedwa pofuna chitetezo kapena zosangalatsa. Zakudya zoyenera, kuphatikizapo odyetsa kumbuyo, zimalimbikitsanso kugwira ntchito kwa mbalamezi m'madera akumidzi.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Mchinji wa Siriya ( Dendrocopos syriacus )
- Mitengo Yopangira Mitengo ( Dendrocopos medius )
- Msuzi Wotchedwa White-Backed ( Dendrocopos leucotos )
- Zopang'ono Zopangidwira Mitengo ( Dendrocopos yaing'ono )
- Wokwera Mapiri Wokongola ( Dendrocopos leucopterus )
- Wojambula Zakale ( Picoides villosus )