Mbalame Tanthauzo la Banja - Penguin
Tanthauzo:
(dzina) Spheniscidae ndi banja la sayansi la mbalame lomwe liri ndi mitundu yonse ya penguin . Malingana ndi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayambira, banja la Spheniscidae limaphatikizapo mitundu 17-18 ya mbalame, zomwe 13 zimaonedwa ngati zovuta, zoopsya kapena zoopsya. Mbalame za Spheniscidae zimangokhala pafupi ndi Southern Southern World (mtundu umodzi, Galapagos penguin, umapezeka kuzungulira Equator), ngakhale kuti mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Kutchulidwa:
SFEHN-ih-sih-deye
(maimba ndi "Sven ndi mnyamata" komanso "maso a mwana"
About Speniscidae Birds
Banja la mbalameyi ndi imodzi mwa zosavuta kuzindikira chifukwa mbalamezi ndi mbalame zosiyana komanso zosaŵerengeka. Kutchuka kwawo m'mafilimu ndi m'mabuku kumapangitsa kuti mbalamezi zizindikire ngakhale anthu omwe si mbalame, ndipo ambiri mbalame amatha kuona mbalame yam'madzi ngati mbalame yawo.
Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukula kwa penguins ndi mawonekedwe onse, mbalame zonse mu banja la sayansi zimagawana makhalidwe monga:
- Moyo wopanda mapiko ndi mapiko amawoneka ngati mapulaneti kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwamphamvu kusambira
- Kukhazika mtima kwabwino ndi miyendo yochepa ndi mapazi kumabwereranso bwino pa thupi losasinthika
- Dense, dongosolo lokhala ndi nthenga kuti likhale losungunuka kwambiri m'malo ozizira
- Moyo wamaganizo ndi nthawi yambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi
- Nthawi zambiri chakudya chophatikizapo nsomba, squid, krill ndi nyama zoterezi
- Mbalame yakuda ndi yoyera yowonongeka kwa madzi
- Khalidwe lachikoloni lomwe lili ndi zikuluzikulu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mibadwo yonse
- Zomwe zimakhala zaka zambiri zamoyo zomwe zingapitirire zaka 15-20 kuthengo ndi nthawi yaitali mu ukapolo
Mbalame Zakale ndi Zamakono mu Banja la Spheniscidae
Mitundu yonse ya penguin, ndi mitundu yokhayokha ya penguin, ili m'gulu la mbalame imeneyi.
Pali mitundu 17 yokhala ndi zamoyo 17-18 zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyana. Palinso kutsutsana ngati kumpoto rockhopper ndi kum'mwera rockhopper penguins kwenikweni ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kusiyana pakati pawo sikudziwika konse. Mbalame zozoloŵera komanso zodziŵika kwambiri mumtundu wa Spheniscidae ndi emperor penguin , mfumu penguin ndi African penguin .
Chiwerengero cha penguins kuti chimafa kale chimayeretsedwa nthawi zonse ndikutsutsana ngati umboni wochuluka wazitsulo ukuwululidwa ndipo zatsopano zowonongeka zimapezeka. Zamoyo 40 kapena kuposerapo za penguin zikhoza kuti zatha kale, ena mwa njira zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi ena kupyolera mu masoka achiwawa kapena kusaka ndi kuzunzika zakale. Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ya penguin - mbalame 13 zosiyana-zimaonedwa kuti zimaopsezedwa, zimaika pangozi kapena zimawotchera kuwonongeka ngati zisamalidwe zamphamvu zisatengedwe kuti zitetezedwe. Ma penguin onse amatetezedwa mwalamulo, koma kuwononga, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kuyendayenda kosasamala, zowonongeka zowonongeka, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zoopsya zina ndizoopsa zonse zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri anthu a penguin .
Kufufuza kwa majeremusi kwasonyeza kuti mbalame zingapo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi penguins, koma achibale awo apamtima akudabwa.
Poyamba, zikuoneka kuti ziwombankhanga, murres ndi auks zikanakhala pafupi ndi mbalame za penguin, ndipo mbalamezi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe a maluwa, maonekedwe abwino ndi zakudya zambiri. Komabe, iwo sali ofanana kwambiri m'mawu achibadwa.
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wapitawo wasonyeza kuti petrels, albatrosses, frigatebirds, loons ndi grebes zonse zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi penguins, chibale choyandikana kwambiri ndi mbalamezi ndizo zimphepete, Ciconiidae . Kufufuza kwina kwa DNA ndi zina zochokera kuzilombo zapenguin komanso zotsalira zazitsamba zidzafunika kuti zitsimikizire ndikupitiriza kuyang'ana mgwirizano pakati pa mapenguwa ndi mabanja ena a mbalame.
Kumene Mungayang'ane Mbalame za Spheniscidae
Nkhumba zambiri zimakonda mbalame kwa mbalame zambiri, ndipo kupita kukawonjezera ma penguin kumndandanda wa moyo nthawi zonse zimakhala zotchuka.
Pali maulendo odzipatulira komanso maulendo oyendayenda kuti aone mapiko a penguin, ndipo mbalame zimatha kukachezera malo a mbalamezi ku South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand ndi zilumba za Galapagos.
Kwa mbalame omwe nthawi, bajeti ndi moyo wawo sangalephere kuyenda ulendo wopita kutali, ndizotheka kuyandikira pafupi ndi penguin. Mbalamezi ndizowonjezera ku malo osungirako nyama ndi zojambula ndi zochitika zodziwika bwino za m'madzi, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya penguin imakhala bwino kwambiri mu ukapolo ndipo ili mbali ya mapulogalamu obereketsa omwe amadzipereka. Ngakhale kuti ma penguin omwe amagwidwa ndi ukapolo samakhala owerengeka pamndandanda wa moyo wa mpikisano, zochitika zosakanikirana ndi mapulogalamu a penguin opeza-ndi-moni angakhale mwayi wapadera kwa mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa.