Kodi Mbalame Zimatha Kukhala Ndi Moyo Wotalika Motani?
Nthawi zambiri mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimagwirizana ndi alendo awo a mbalame , chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mbalamezi zimabweranso chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale mitundu yofananayo ingapitirize kuyendera bwalo lomwelo, kodi iwo alidi mbalame yomweyo? Ngakhale pali zizindikiro zapadera zomwe zimalola munthu kudziwika yekha - ndalama zolepheretsa, phazi loponyedwa, ntchentche , etc. - mbalame zambiri zimawoneka chimodzimodzi, komanso mbalame zowona bwino mbalame zimatha kuthandiza mbalame kudziwa zomwe mbalame zikhoza kubwerera kapena kuzibwerera.
Mbalame Zakale Zimakhala Motani?
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zaka zingati mbalame zakutchire zikhoza kukhalira. Kawirikawiri mitundu yambiri ya mbalame - raptors, albatrosses, ziphuphu zazikulu - zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, ndipo mitundu iliyonse ya mbalame ikhoza kukhala ndi zosiyana za moyo. Zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza mbalame zakuphatikizapo:
- Matendawa, payekha komanso miliri imafalikira pakati pa ziweto kapena zigawo
- Kuvulala komwe kungakhudze kuswana bwino kapena kukupweteka
- Odyetsa, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa nyama zowonongeka
- Kupezeka kwa chuma, kuphatikizapo chakudya, malo obereketsa komanso malo abwino
- Zosungirako zowonongeka, monga kubzala mbalame kapena kuteteza malo
- Zopseza zachilengedwe, monga kusintha kwa nyengo , kutaya kwa mafuta , ndi zina zotero.
- Utsogoleri wa kusaka ndi poaching molakwa kapena zovuta
- Zochitika payekha, ndi mbalame zodziwa bwino kwambiri zimatha kukhalabe ndi moyo kusintha
Mbalame zimafa kwambiri m'chaka choyamba chitatha, ndipo othothologists amalingalira kuti 80 mpaka 90 peresenti ya mbalame zazing'ono sizimakula mpaka kukula.
Taganizirani kuti mbalame imodzi yokha imatha kubweretsa ana angapo omwe amatha kuwonjezera mbalame zatsopano 15-20 kapena zambiri chaka chilichonse; ngati chiwerengero cha anthu sichinali chokwanira kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kungakhale nkhani yaikulu. Chifukwa cha kufa kwakukulu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa mbalame, komabe anthu ambiri akhoza kukhala osasamala.
Kuwerengera Moyo Wamoyo
Ndi kovuta kuwerengera zaka za mbalame ndi moyo. Pamene mbalame zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, kamodzi mbalame zikakula, nthenga zawo sizisonyeza zaka. Koma mbalame zikagwedezeka, tsiku la banding lawo limalembedwa ndipo ngati liloledwa ndi maukonde oyendetsa maukonde kapena litatengedwa ndi matenda kapena kuvulala patapita zaka, gululo likhoza kuyang'anitsitsa kuti lidziwe msinkhu wa mbalameyo. Izi zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri ngati mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chisa, chifukwa ndiye kuti tsiku lawo likudziwika ndipo zaka zawo zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ngati zidzatengedwa m'tsogolomu.
Zonsezi, kusowa kwa deta kumachititsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kufotokozera moyo wa mbalame. Pamene mbalame zimawona mbalame yokhazikika, komabe, iyenera kufufuza zitsulo momwe zingathere ndikulemba makalata kapena nambala iliyonse yomwe ingafotokozedwe. Monga momwe deta yambiri imasonkhanitsidwira, miyoyo ya mbalame idzamvetsetsedwa bwino.
Mbalame Yaikulu Lifespans
Pali ziwerengero zosayembekezereka zokhudzana ndi moyo wa mbalame, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi deta kuchokera ku mbalame zam'mlengalenga zomwe zawonedwa kangapo. Ngakhale kuti zolembazi zingasinthe ngati mbalame zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo zina zowonjezera zowonjezera, zina mwa mbalame zakutchire zimaphatikizapo:
- Mbalame ya Laysan albatross - zaka 64+ ndipo ikukhalabe (mbalame yakale kwambiri ya mbalame zakutchire)
- Arctic tern - zaka 34, miyezi 0
- Brown pelican - zaka 27, miyezi 10
- Nkhuku zazikulu - zaka 27, miyezi 7
- Chimake - zaka 26, miyezi 9
- Hawk ya Red-tailed - zaka 25, miyezi 9
- Buluu wa buluu wamkulu - zaka 23, miyezi itatu
- Gulu la Sandhill - zaka 18, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
- Kadinala wa kumpoto - zaka 15, miyezi 9
- Robin wa ku America - zaka 13, miyezi 11
- Mpheta ya nyumba - zaka 13, miyezi inayi
- Bakuman Turkey - zaka 12, miyezi 6
- Killdeer - zaka 10, miyezi 11
- Eastern bluebird - zaka 10, miyezi isanu
- Ruby-throated hummingbird - zaka 9, miyezi 0
Mbalame Zakale Zimakhala M'ndende
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri kusiyana ndi nyama zakutchire chifukwa zimakhala zovuta zofanana ndi mbalame zakutchire zomwe zimakhalapo. Mbalame zothamanga sizikusowa chakudya, sizimayendetsedwa ndi ziweto, sizikusowa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokopa kapena kusamuka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chithandizo choyenera chazilombo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti asamavutike ndi kuvulala kapena matenda.
Kusamalidwa bwino, mbalame zinyama, zinyama kapena zoweta zikhoza kutheka mbalame zakutchire kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya mbalame sizimafanane bwino ndi zovuta, ndipo mitundu ina ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo waufupi chifukwa cha mavuto a ukapolo.
Mbalame zoyembekezera za moyo ndi zamoyo zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti akatswiri a zolemba zapamwamba samakhala ndi deta yolongosola momwe mbalame zidzakhalire, kumvetsa zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa mbalame ndi sitepe yoyamba imene mbalame iliyonse ingakhoze kutenga kuti mbalame zizikhala motalika, zokondwa, moyo wathanzi.
Chithunzi - Nzeru, Mbalame Yakale Kwambiri Kwambiri Padziko Lonse (2015) © Daniel W. Clark / USFWS