Zonse zokhudza Matenda opatsirana ndi nthaka

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Zonse Zokhudzana ndi Matenda Otsitsa Dothi

Pazovuta zonse zomera zimatha kupezeka, matenda opatsirana ndi nthaka angakhale okhumudwitsa kwambiri. Wofesa munda angaganize kuti akuchita zonse bwino koma zomera zawo zimadwala, zimasokoneza ndi pafupi kufa. Matenda opatsirana ndi nthaka amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapulumuka ndikuyendayenda m'nthaka. Ambiri sangathe kuwona ndi maso ndipo amapita osadziwika mpaka chomera chikudwala.

Kuti matenda aliwonse agwire, payenera kukhala zinthu zitatu:

1. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayambitsa matenda)
2. Wothandizira (zomera zathu)
3. Mkhalidwe woyenera wa chilengedwe.

Pankhani ya matenda opatsirana ndi nthaka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kukhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyembekezera wokhala nawo - zomera zathu - kubwera limodzi. Zochitika zachilengedwe zingasinthe mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imakonda nyengo yachinyezi, ena amafanana ndi nthaka ya pH maulendo ndi ena omwe amawoneka mwachikondi, kukula kwakukulu.

Ngakhale tizilombo tina tizilombo tafupipafupi timakhala alendo, tikuwoneka ngati wolumikiza ndi zofunikira zili bwino, zina zimapezeka m'nthaka ndikupitilira zaka. Ngati chomera chawo sichimawoneka, akhoza kusintha njira ina. Ndi chifukwa chake kuchotseratu zomera zonse mumunda wanu kumapeto kwa nyengo tikulimbikitsidwa.

Matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana, monga masamba a chikasu kapena malo amdima. Ndikofunika kuyesa ndikupeza zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma izi siziwoneka popanda kukula. Ngati mukukhala ndi vuto lalitali, ndibwino kuti mutenge nthawi yanu ku Cooperative Extension .

02 a 03

Mitundu ya Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Nazi mitundu yofala ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

• Tizilombo - tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, si fungasi iliyonse imene imayambitsa mavuto a zomera ndipo pamene ambiri samatero, mitundu yoposa 8,000 ya fungi imatero. Ndipo zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa bowa.
  • Mizu yambiri imayambitsa mizu kuyamba kuwonongeka. Tizilombo ta tizilombo timayambitsa mizu ya mbeu ndikulepheretsanso kuti madzi ndi zowonjezera zifike pamtunda. Zizindikiro zikhoza kuphatikizapo kuphulika, kutchikasu, kudodometsa, kufafa ndi kufa komaliza ndipo zingasokonezedwe ndi mavuto ena monga chilala ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya. Zina zomwe zimafala zowola bowa zikuphatikizapo: Cylindrocladium, Pythium, Phytophthora, ndi Rhizoctonia.
  • Mapira, makola, ndi korona zimakhudza zomera pamtunda. Zizindikiro zimakhala zofanana ndi mizu yambiri, koma kuyambira pamene zowola pamwamba pa nthaka, zingakhale zosavuta kuziwona msanga. Matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira awa ndi awa: Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, ndi Sclerotium.
  • Kufuna matenda, monga Fusarium oxysporum ndi Verticillium spp. chifukwa wilting wa zomera, ngakhale madzi okwanira. Palinso zizindikiro za mkati.
  • Matenda osokoneza thupi amakhudza mbande zazing'ono. Zikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi bowa wambiri, kuphatikizapo Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia ndi Sclerotium rolfsii. Amatha kuyambitsa zomera kumera kapena posachedwa, kupha imfa mwadzidzidzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito munda wa mbewu kumayambira sikunakonzedwe.
• Mabakiteriya - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ochepa (ndipo ambiri samamatira mozungulira). Zitsanzo zina: Erwinia (zovunda zofewa), Rhizomonas (root root of lettuce) Streptomyces (mbatata, mbola yofewa ya mbatata )
• Mavairasi - osowa, othokoza, ndi ambiri amafuna kuti minofu yamoyo ikhale ndi moyo, koma ikhoza kuyendetsa bowa kapena nematodes ndikuyenda mumadzi. Pamene kachilombo kamalowa mu selo, imatha kuyambitsa maselo ambiri. Kachilombo kameneka kamene kamayambitsa matendawa kamakhudza zomera za aromani za Roma, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zikhale zosasangalatsa komanso zowoneka mwachikasu ndipo nthawi zina zimawona masamba apansi, pomwe masamba atsopano amakhala obiriwira komanso obiriwira.
• Nematodes - nthawi zina amatchedwa nsomba zam'madzi, nematodes ndi nyongolotsi zosagwidwa ndi matupi ozungulira ndi mfundo kumapeto onse awiri. Ena ndi parasitic, monga maatodes omwe amagulitsidwa kudyetsa mphutsi mu udzu. Ndipo ena adzadya kapena mizu. Izi ndizovuta makamaka pa mbewu zazu, monga kaloti. Mizu yowola miatodes mwina ndi yodziwika kwambiri. Zimayambitsa kupotoka ndi kutupa kwa mizu ndipo zimakhudza mphamvu ya mbewu. Nkhumba zamatabo zimadyetsa pa nsonga za mizu, kuchititsa nthambi ndi kutupa. Ndipo stubby muzu nematodes zinayambitsa - inde - yochepa, osakanikirana mizu.

Ndiye mungachite chiyani za iwo? Kulamulira Matenda Otsitsa Dothi

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Kulamulira Matenda Otsitsa Dothi

Ife tawerenga zomwe matenda opatsiridwa ndi nthaka ali, tsopano kodi mungachite chiyani za iwo?

Kuchotsa zolakwazo kosatha sizingatheke, makamaka ngati kuli kofala kumudzi kwanu. Amatha kupulumuka m'nthaka, ngakhale pamene mbewu yawo yachizolowezi yowonongeka ilibenso. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikuli kothandiza kapena kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo kungathe kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Komabe, mukhoza kuchepetsa anthu ambiri ndi zikhalidwe zochepa.

1. Sambani zonse zowonongeka m'munda, kumapeto kwa nyengo. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, chotsani zonse zomwe zakhudzana ndi matendawa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kudyetsa zamasamba.
2. Sinthanthani kumene mumabzala masamba mumtundu womwewo. Ndikudziwa kuti izi zili pafupi ndi minda yaing'ono komanso pamene muli ndi chaka choipa kwambiri ndi mbewu, zingakhale mwanzeru kudumpha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Ndizovuta, ndikudziwa. Koma ngati njira ina ndi yokolola yokolola, kusowa chaka cha mbatata sikuwoneka koipa. Pamene tomato wanga akhala ndi chaka choipa kwambiri, ndimawabzala m'mitsuko ikuluikulu chaka chotsatira, ndikupewa nthaka m'munda wanga.
3. Zomwe zimachitika chaka ndi chaka zimakhala zotetezedwa pochiza ndi sulufule kapena mkuwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo.

Matenda opatsirana ndi nthaka adzapitirizabe kukhumudwitsa amaluwa akumbuyo. Monga nthawi zonse, chitetezo chabwino ndi cholakwa. Kudyetsa mitundu ya masamba ndi kutsutsa matenda wamba kungathandize kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa mavuto ndi kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Sizingatheke kupeza mitundu yosagonjetsedwa, koma ngati mungathe, izi zimakupatsani malire.

_{Zotsatira:
Zambiri zokhudza matenda otupitsa nthaka (Royal Botanic Gardens)
Matenda a Zamasamba Opangidwa ndi Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Soilborne (University of California)
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Washington State University Extension)}