Icterus galbula
Amatchulidwa ndi malaya okongola omwe amanyamulidwa ndi Ambuye Baltimore m'zaka za zana la 17, Baltimore oriole ndi mbalame yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imalandiridwa bwino m'mabwalo ambiri. Pogwirizana ndi mbali ya kumadzulo monga mtundu umodzi, kumpoto kwa oriole, Baltimore oriole lerolino amadziwika ngati mitundu yosiyana ndipo ndi mbalame ya ku Maryland.
Dzina Loyamba : Baltimore Oriole, Northern Oriole
Dzina la sayansi: Icterus galbula
Scientific Family: Icteridae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Moyenera, mwamphamvu kwambiri, buluu-imvi, angawoneke ngati siliva kapena woyera powala
- Kukula : 7.5-8.5 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a masentimita 12, mutu wapakati
- Mabala : Adawa, alanje, achikasu, oyera, azitona
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi chipewa chakuda, kumbuyo ndi mmero pamutu wofiira wonyezimira ndi lalanje. Mtundu wa chikasu wachikasu umafika pamapewa pamphepete mwa mapiko akuda. Mapiko ali ndi choyera choyera ndi kukongola kwa nthenga. Mchira wakuda uli ndi chikasu kapena lalanje pansi. Mmalo mwa wakuda, akazi amawonetsa mtundu wa azitona ndi zofiira. Azimayi amakhala ndi chikasu chowala kwambiri pamene amuna amasonyeza lalanje, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri yoyera. Monga zaka zazimayi, mtundu wawo umakhala wakuda, koma samasonyeza kuti ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi amuna. Kwa amuna ndi akazi onse, maso ndi ofiira ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi zakuda.
Amuna amaoneka ngati ofanana ndi akazi akuluakulu, ndipo anyamata amawoneka ngati atakula msinkhu wawo pamene ali ndi zaka zoposa zakubadwa.
Mitundu ndi ya monotypic.
Zakudya: Tizilombo, zipatso, zipatso, mbozi, akangaude, timadzi tokoma ( Onani: Mwachidwi )
Komanso onani Orioles Kudyetsa kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mbalame za Baltimore orioles zimapezeka m'nyengo yam'mlengalenga ndi mbalame zam'mlengalenga m'mapiri otseguka komanso kumadera akumidzi kummawa kwa United States komanso m'mapaki a m'mphepete mwa matawuni, m'minda ya zipatso ndi kumbuyo.
Ambiri amachoka kumadzulo kwa nyanja za Great Plains ndi Dakotas akum'maŵa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma ndi Texas, komanso madera akummwera kwa madera akum'mawa kwa Canada. Mu kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira, Baltimore orioles amasamuka kupita ku Central ndi South America. Anthu osawerengeka amatha nyengo yotentha ku Florida, kumpoto kwa kum'mwera kwa United States komanso ku Gulf Coast ya Mexico.
Zolemba:
Baltimore orioles ali ndi njira ziwiri zochepetsera zofooka, ngakhale liwiro la nyimbo likhoza kusintha paulendo umodzi. Kuimbira kwina kumaphatikizapo zipsu zapamwamba ndi chiwombankhanga komanso mofulumira.
Makhalidwe:
Mbalamezi zimatha kukhala zamanyazi, mbalame zokhazokha kwa chaka chonse, ngakhale kuti nthawi yachisanu ikatha, imawoneka awiri kapena awiri, makamaka panthawi yozizira komanso yozizira. Amadyetsa zitsamba, zitsamba ndi mitengo, kusaka tizilombo kapena kudula maluwa. Kumbuyo kwawo, amasankha malo odyetsera malo kutali kwambiri, makamaka pamalo othunzi pafupi ndi malo ogona.
Kubalanso:
Baltimore orioles ndi mbalame zokhazokha zomwe zimagwirizana pokhapokha miyambo yambiri yochita chibwenzi yomwe imaphatikizapo mchira ndi mapiko kufalitsa maonekedwe ndi kuwerama kuti asonyeze mitundu yambiri.
Kuthamanga kwa mapiko nthawi zambiri kumakhala mbali ya mawonetserowa. Chisa ndi thumba lodula lochokera kumtunda wochepa wautchire, ubweya wa nyama, ulusi, chingwe ndi tsitsi, komanso zodzala ndi udzu kapena ubweya. Mkaziyo amamanga chisa, ndipo amakhala pamalo 25-35 pamwamba, ngakhale ena angapezeke kwambiri. Pafupifupi zonse zamasamba za Baltimore zimapezeka m'mitengo yovuta.
Awiri awiriwa adzabala ana amodzi a ma ova atatu, oviira, oyera, kapena mazira a buluu pachaka. Mazira amawonetsa mabala a mdima wandiweyani wakuda kapena mabala oundana pamapeto ambiri. Mayi oriole adzawombera mazira masiku 12-14. Makolo awiriwa amadyetsa achinyamata amtundu wapatali kwa masiku 12-14 mpaka mbalame zazing'ono zikhoza kuchoka chisa.
Kumene Baltimore oriole akuyendayenda ndi Bullock's oriole, kupatukana ndi kusakaniza ndizofala.
Mbalamezi nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mazira a mbalame zamphongo , koma nthawi zambiri zimatha kuzindikira dzira losafuna ndikuchotsa chisa chawo.
Kukopa Baltimore Orioles:
Ngakhale amanyazi, Baltimore orioles amangofika kumbuyo komwe amapereka zakudya zomwe amakonda, kuphatikizapo mphesa zamphesa , magawo a lalanje, timadzi tokoma ndi suet . Mbalame ziyenera kupewa kupopera mankhwala omwe amatha kuthetsa tizilombo ngati chakudya, ndipo tsitsi lopachika kapena zingwe zingathe kukopa orioles ku chisa pafupi. Kuwonjezera mtengo wa zipatso ku bwalo ndi njira ina yothandizira kukopa mbalamezi, makamaka ndi yamatcheri kapena mulberries.
Onani momwe Mungakoperekere Oriole kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale kuti ma orioles saopsezedwa kapena kuopsezedwa, anthu awo akuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonongeka kwa malo, makamaka m'nyengo yawo yozizira, ndi vuto lodziwika bwino, koma khofi lokulitsa mthunzi ndi chokoleti chochereza mbalame zingathandize kusunga malo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu minda ya zipatso ndi vuto lina, chifukwa chakuti tizilombo timene timayesetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa zipatso zingapangitse poizoni. M'madera ena, mbalamezi zingatengedwe ngati tizilombo m'minda ya zipatso ndipo zikhoza kuzunzidwa.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Bullock's Oriole ( Icterus bullockii )
- Chimanga cha Oricha ( Icterus spurius )
- Audubon's Oriole ( Icterus graduacauda )
- Scott's Oriole ( Icterus parisorum )
- Venezuelan Troupial ( Icterus icterus )
- American Robin ( Turdus migratorius )