Tyto alba
Nkhumba yosiyana kwambiri ndi yokongola ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zamphongo zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale ndi moyo pafupi ndi anthu. Mosiyana ndi zinyama zambiri ndi zinyama zina, nkhumba nkhuku zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisamapangidwe m'minda ndi pafupi ndi malo ena otukuka chifukwa zimadya pafupifupi mbewa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalamezi zikhale zabwino kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke popanda kufunikira mankhwala okwera mtengo kapena njira zina zochepetsera zachilengedwe.
Dzina Loyamba : Mbalame Yamatabwa, Nkhono Yowonjezera, Nyama Yam'mlengalenga, Nkhono Yam'madzi a ku America, Nkhumba Zowonongeka, Mbalame Yamphongo, Nkhono Yakufa, Hobgoblin Owl
Dzina la sayansi: Tyto alba
Scientific Family : Tytonidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Nsalu yamtundu kapena yachikasu, yokhazikika, ingawoneke kubisika m'maso
- Kukula kwake : mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi m'litali ndi mapiko a masentimita 45, thupi laling'ono, khosi lakuda, mapiko aatali kwambiri
- Mitundu : Gold, bulauni, yoyera, yakuda, imvi
- Zizindikiro : Amuna ali ofanana ngakhale akazi ali ambiri. Zikopazi zimakhala ndi choyera choyera, chooneka ngati mtima chozunguliridwa ndi chovala choyera choyera kapena chagolide chofiirira. Mutu, ululu wa khosi , kumbuyo, ndi mapiko ndi bulauni golide pamene chifuwa ndi mimba zili zoyera kapena zofiira ndi malo oda kwambiri kapena amdima. Miyendo yayitali imaphimbidwa ndi nthenga zoyera bwino, ndipo mapiko ndi mchira zimakhala zakuda. Maso ndi mdima.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa zikhombe, ndipo ena a subspecies am'derali angawoneke bwino kwambiri kapena amdima kuposa momwe amachitira. Mazenera amasiyana kwambiri, ngakhale nkhono za kumpoto kwa America zili m'gulu lalikulu kwambiri.
Zakudya : Zinyama zazikulu ndi makoswe, mbalame zazing'ono ( Onani: Zapamwamba )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Nkhuku zazikuluzikulu ndi mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku padziko lapansi ndipo imapezeka padziko lonse kupatula Antarctica, ngakhale kuti ilibe zovuta m'madera ambiri. Ku North America, nkhokwe zimakonda malo odyetserako udzu ndi malo odyetserako nkhalango kapena madera ochepa, kuphatikizapo madera ndi zigawo zaulimi komanso madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi.
Kumadzulo kwa Midwest, nkhokwezi zimakhala pangozi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Anthu akumidzi kumpoto kwa Great Plains akhoza kusamuka nthawi.
Zolemba:
Nkhuku zazing'ono zingakhale mbalame zamkokomo, makamaka monga nestlings. Mafoni omwe anthu ambiri amachitirako amachititsa kuti azimva, akuwombera powaopseza kapena kuwakwiyira komanso kumakhala koopsa pamapeto pake. Zimvekedwe zina zimaphatikizapo mfuzi ndikulankhula malilime. Mofanana ndi zikopa zonse, kuthamanga kwa nkhono za nkhono zimakhala chete ndipo palibe mapiko a mapiko omwe amamveka, ngakhale kuti mapiko a chikopa amatha kukula.
Makhalidwe:
Nkhuku zazikuluzikulu ndizozing'onong'ono ndipo sizikuwoneka masana, ngakhale kuti zimawoneka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Panthawi yachisanu, nkhumba zolimira zokhwima zomwe zimasamalira ana akuluakulu, omwe amva njala zimatha kusaka ngakhale pakati pa tsiku.
Izi ndi mbalame zamtunduwu zomwe zimagwedeza ndi ana awo mu chisa ndipo zimatha kumangokhalira kukondana kwambiri ndi abwenzi awo kapena othandizira zakutchire. Mofanana ndi zikopa zonse, nkhono za nkhono zimamva bwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zokhazokha zowonongeka kuti zisakale.
Kuthamanga kwa nkhumba kumakhala chete ndipo kumakhala kosalala, ndipo mapiko aataliwa, mapiko aakulu amatenga mosavuta. Mbalamezi zimatha kuuluka mobwerezabwereza pazomwe zimayang'ana nyama zowonongeka, ndipo zimatenga nsomba kubwerera ku malo abwino odyetsera.
Atatha kudya chakudya chawo, nkhokwe zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsanso ntchito mapepala amtundu wina, kuphatikizapo ubweya ndi mafupa.
Kubalanso:
Nkhuku zazing'ono ndi mbalame zosagwirizana kwambiri zimakhulupirira kuti zimakhala zogonana . Iwo ndi mbalame zam'mlengalenga , ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi kapena nyumba zofanana zofanana. Nkhumba ziwiri zidzatenganso mazira awiri a 2-18 mazira oyera pa nthawi ya nesting, ndipo malingana ndi nyengo yomwe angathetse chisa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Mayi wachikazi amamwa mazira masiku 30-33, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala m'chisa chodyetsedwa ndi makolo onse awiri kwa masiku 55-65.
Mbalame Zochititsa Chidwi:
Nkhuku zazing'ono zimangotenga zisa zowonekera, zitsulo, ndi nyumba zina kumidzi. Ngati palibe malo abwino omwe angapezeke, adzafufuzira mitengo yachitsulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi a chisa . Mbalame zoyembekeza kukopa zikopa za nkhokwe ziyenera kupewa kupezeka poizoni kapena njira zina zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchepetsa nyali ndi kusokonezeka kwa usiku kungathandizenso mbalamezi kumverera mosasuka.
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale nkhokwe za nkhumba sizikuonedwa ngati zowopsya padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu yambiri ya m'madera kapena m'madera mwa mbalamezi ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ili pangozi kapena pangozi. Kugwiritsira ntchito mopitirira muyeso wa poizoni owopsa, kugunda kwa galimoto, mipanda yoopsa ndi kutaya malo abwino odyetsera ndi zina mwazoopseza zikopa zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi makola a nkhokwe.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Chipale Chofewa ( Nyctea scandiaca )
- Ng'ombe Zowola ( Athene cunicularia )
- Otsala Ochepa ( Asio flammeus )