Kukula Blueberries mu Garden Home

Mabala a Blueberries amapezeka m'minda yam'munda chifukwa amatha kukula mumng'onoting'ono, ngakhale m'mitsuko. Ndipotu, ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zosavuta kuti zikule.

Pali mitundu itatu yaikulu ya blueberries: highbush, rabbiteye, ndi kumwera kwa highbush, monga tafotokozera pansipa. Aliyense ali ndi zofuna zake, choncho onetsetsani kuti mumasankha buluu wabwino pamtendere wanu.

Blueberries ndi mitundu yambiri ya maluwa ndi fruiting zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka ku North America.

Achibale mkati mwa chithandizo cha katemerawu ndi ma bilberry, kiranberi, ndowe, ndi lingonberry.

Zomera zotchedwa blueberries zimapangidwabe kuti zikhale zokolola zapamwamba, kutentha ndi kuzizira kozizira komanso kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, anthu ena amakonda mabuluu omwe amamera m'nkhalango ndi m'minda. Zipatso zakutchire ndizochepa ndipo zimatenga inu kanthawi kuti mutenge pie, koma anthu ambiri amawapeza okoma kwambiri kuti adye. Mwinamwake ndi zotsatira za zomera zomwe zikukula kumene amasangalala.

• Maluwa: Maluwa aang'ono, oyera, ovekedwa ndi belu amakhala pamagulu kumapeto kwa kasupe.
• Zipatso: Zipatso zimapsa nthawi, kuchokera kubiriwira kupita ku mtundu wofiira ndi buluu.
• Masamba: Masamba ndi mawonekedwe otalika, ovundala komanso okhutira kwambiri. Zimatembenuzira chokongola, chofiira mu kugwa.

Name Botanical / Common Name

• Vaccinium corymbosum - Highbush Blueberry
• Katemera wa vaccinium ashei - Rabbiteye Blueberry
• Katemera wa katemera - Southern Highbush Blueberry

Malo Ovuta

• Highbush - USDA Zowonongeka 3 - 7
• Rabbiteye - USDA Zosowa Zambiri 7 - 9
• Southern Highbush - USDA Zovuta Zaka 7 - 10

Kutuluka kwa dzuwa

Mitengo ya buluu imayenera dzuwa lonse kukula ndi zipatso bwino, komanso kupewa matenda wamba.

Zomera Zokhwima

• Highbush: 8-10 ft. (H) x 6-8 ft. (W)
• Rabbiteye: 15 ft. (H) x 10 ft. (W)

• Southern Highbush: 3-6 ft. (H) x 4-5 ft. (W)

Masiku Okolola

Mitengo yambiri ya buluu imayamba kubala zokolola zazing'ono ndi chaka chachitatu, koma sizingayambe kubzala kwathunthu kufikira chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi. Mabala a buluu okhwima amabala pafupifupi 8 koloko ya zipatso pa chitsamba.

Ndizotheka kukulitsa zokolola zanu zabuluu mwa kubzala oyambirira, pakati ndi nyengo za nyengo yamapeto, m'malo mwa mitundu yonse.

Njira yokhayo yodalirika yodziwira ngati blueberries ndi okonzeka kusankha ndi kulawa limodzi kapena awiri. Mabala a Blueberries ndi okoma kwambiri ngati amaloledwa kuti akhalebe pamunda osachepera sabata atatha buluu.

Nsonga Zowonjezera Buluu

Dothi: Blueberries ngati dothi losavuta kwambiri, lokhala ndi nthaka pH mu mkwiyo wa 4.0 mpaka 4.5. Amakhalanso ndi nthaka yokhala ndi chuma chambiri. Ngati munda wanu uli ndi dongo lolemera, dothi la blueberries lidzayenda bwino mmabedi okwezeka.

Kuti mupeze nthaka yabwino pH polima blueberries, ndi bwino kusintha nthaka nthawiyi musanayambe kubzala. Garden sulfure kapena aluminium sulfure akhoza kusakanizidwa mu dothi lamasentimita 6, kuti achepetse pH pakufunika. Ngati mutayesa dothi lanu m'munda wamtunda kapena ofesi yowonjezerako , iwo adzakuwuzani kuchuluka kwa sulfa yomwe mudzafunika.

Ndi bwino kubwezeretsa nthaka yanu musanabzalidwe, kutsimikiza kuti mwakwanitsa zotsatira zomwe mudali nazo.

Pitirizani kusinthira ndi kubwezeretsa nthaka ngati mukufunikira. Mwamwayi, izi zidzakhala ntchito yopitiliza, popeza dothi limatha kubwerera ku pH yake yoyambirira.

Kubzala: Fufuzani mitengo yosakwanira yomwe ili ndi zaka 2-3. Mitengo yakale imafalikira kwambiri ndipo izi zimatenga zaka zingapo kuyamba kubzala zokolola zazikulu.

Bzalani blueberries kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mukhoza kusakaniza mosatisi mumtsuko wanu, kuti nthaka ikhale yosasunthika, yowonongeka bwino.

Ngati muli ndi zomera ziwiri kapena zitatu zokha, zikhazikitseni pamtunda. Kuyala mizere ya blueberries, zomera zimakhala zozungulira mamita 4 mpaka m'mizere yomwe ilipo mamita 9 mpaka 10.

Bzalani blueberries kuti mizu ifalike mu dzenje ndipo idzaphimbidwa mu nthaka. Ngati iwo ali ndi chidebe chachikulu cha zomera, pitani pafupi inchi imodzi kuposa momwe analiri mu mphika.

Mulch mutabzala. Mitengo yonse yamtengo wapatali, ngati pine kapena mkungudza, utuchi, ndi singano zasaini zidzathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yodetsedwa.

Madzi bwino ndikuonetsetsa kuti zomera zimakhala madzi okwanira kamodzi pa sabata. Mabala a Blueberries amayamba kukhala osasunthika ndipo amafunikira madzi osachepera masentimita angapo sabata iliyonse, nthawi zambiri pa nthawi yowuma.

Zodzoladzola Musamange maluwa anu a blueberries chaka chawo choyamba. Mizu imakhudzidwa ndi mchere mpaka zomera zitakhazikika. Ammonium sulphate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza a blueberries, mosiyana ndi sulfure yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa pH. Koma mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza iliyonse ya zomera zokonda acid, kuphatikizapo chakudya cha buluu ndi zakudya za azalea.

Mitundu Yambiri ya Blueberry Yakukula

Oweta obzala mbewu akupitirizabe kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kukana matenda a mitengo ya zipatso, kotero ndi kovuta kupatsiriza mitundu popanda kuwasintha nthawi iliyonse. Mitundu yomwe tatchulidwa pano ndi okondedwa akale. Fufuzani ndi ofesi yanu yothandizira yowonjezerako kuti mupereke zotsatila zamakono zamdera lanu.

Zindikirani: Ngakhale kuti blueberries ndizomera kwambiri, mudzalandira zipatso zazikulu komanso zambiri ngati muli ndi mbewu ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe zimakhala pachimake panthawi yomweyo, kuti muwoloke mungu.

1. Highbush (kapena Northern Highbush) : Kawirikawiri amalimbikitsa nyengo zakutentha. Zidzakhala zozizira, koma zokolola ndi kukula zidzasintha kwambiri ndi pollination.
   
   • Kumayambiriro: "Earliblue", "Collins"; Pakatikati: "Blueray", "Bluecrop", "Berkeley"; Chakumapeto: '"Jersery",' Patriot '
2. Rabbiteye : Wokondedwa ndi kum'mwera kwa US Osati wokhazikika. Amafuna 2 mitundu ya pollination. Kuwonjezera zokolola mu August. Pafupifupi tizilombo towombola.
   
   • 'Tifblue' ndilo muyezo. Kumayambiriro: "Kutha", "Woodard"; Pakati: "Briteblue", "Southland"; Chakumapeto: "Kuwonongeka" '
3. Southern Highbush : Mtanda pakati pa Highbush ndi Rabbiteye. Mofanana ndi Highbush, izi zidzatulutsa mungu, koma zokolola ndi kukula zidzasintha bwino ndi pollination.
   
   • Kumayambiriro: "Oneal", 'Southblue'; Pakati: "Jubliee", "Sunshine Blue"
4. Mitundu Yamitundu Yambiri ya Zogulitsa :
   
   • Pakatikati: "Nkhalango ya Northblue" (masentimita 20-24); Chakumapeto: "Tophat wamtunda" (masentimita 18 mpaka 20, Palibe wowonjezera mungu wowunikirayo); Masewera a Bushel ndi Berry ™, kuphatikizapo "Jelly Bean" ndi "Pink Icing"

Kusamalira Mbewu Zanu Zamabuluu

Kudulira: Monga ndi zipatso zonse ndi zipatso, blueberries zidzapitiriza kupanga zabwino ngati zisamalidwe.

Zaka 2 zoyambirira, zonse zomwe mukufunika kuchita ndi kuchotsa maluwa omwe amawonekera. Ziri zovuta kuchita, koma zidzalipira malipiro aakulu pamapeto pake. Zomera zanu zidzakula ndi zolimba chifukwa cha izi. Zipatso zimapangidwa pa nthambi za chaka chachiwiri cha kukula, kotero ndikofunika kukhala watsopano nthawi zonse chitsamba chamabuluu.

Mutha kuchoka maluwa pa chaka chachitatu. Simungapeze zipatso zambiri, koma palibe kudulira kofunikira mpaka chaka chachinayi.

Kuyambira m'chaka chachinayi, mudzatchera tchire lanu labuluu kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene adakalibe. Tumizani chilichonse:

• Nthambi zakufa kapena zovulazidwa
• Kutsegula Nthambi
• Nthambi zofooka, zopota

Chimene mukufunadi kukwaniritsa ndi kudulira, ndiko kutsegula chitsamba kuti nyali ifike pamtunda pakati pa chitsamba. Simukusowa kuti mukhale ovuta kwambiri.

Kukonzekera kukonzekera m'zaka zotsatira kudzakhala kuchepetsa nthambi zowonjezera kuti zikulimbikitse kukula kwatsopano. Dulani nthambi zakale kwambiri, zowopsya kwambiri kuti zikhale pafupi ndi nthaka ndipo zithetsani nthambi zomwe zafika kale kapena zikukula kwambiri. Mapazi akale adzawoneka ofiira. Nthambi zatsopano zidzakhala ndi zofiira zambiri.

Zipatso zimapanga fruiting nthambi zammbali. Maluwawo adzakhala akuluakulu, ochulukirapo komanso ozungulira kusiyana ndi masamba a masamba.

Tizilombo ndi Matenda a Blueberries

Mbalame: Pomwe vuto lalikulu kwambiri lopangitsa blueberries kusunga mbalame. Ndi zitsamba zochepa zokha, mungagwiritse ntchito mbalame yamtundu ngati zipatso zimayamba kuphuka. Amaluwa ena amamanga malo awo onse a buluu m'munda wokhoma. Ngati muli ndi munda waukulu wa buluu, muyenera kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito mbalame yoteteza mbalame yomwe imatumiza mbalame kuitanidwa.

Zimasunga mbalame kuti zisachoke.

Tizilombo: Tizilombo tomwe timayang'anitsitsa timaphatikizapo: chomera chamtundu wabuluu, chipatso cha cherry, chipatso cha cherranberry ndi mphukira ya curculio. Ngati izi ndizilombo zofala mumudzi mwanu, fufuzani ndizowonjezereka zakunja kwa odwala omwe akutsatirani.

Matenda: Pali matenda ambiri a fungus omwe angakhudze blueberries, kuphatikizapo powdery mildew ndi matenda a tsamba. Chitetezo chanu chabwino ndi kubzala mitundu yosagonjetsedwa. Zimathandizanso kupatsa malo anu malo ambiri kuti azitha kuyendera mpweya , chomera mu dzuwa lonse , kuyeretsa zinyalala zonse zakugwa ndikubwezerani nsanamira chaka chilichonse, kotero kuti spores silingathe kuzizira. Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto, mungafunikire kugwiritsa ntchito fungicide yotchulidwa kuti mugwiritsidwe ntchito pa zomera zodyedwa.

Matenda ena achibwibwi omwe amachititsa kuti diso lisatuluke:

• Anthracnose: Matenda a fungal omwe amafalikira mofulumira nyengo yamvula. Zizindikiro ndi magulu a pinki okongola a spores pa zipatso zomwe zimakula.
• Botrytis: Bowa lina limene limakula mumatope, botrytis amachititsa chipatso kukula ndi kuvunda.
• Canker: Fusicoccom (Godronia): Matendawa amayamba pamunsi mwa makoswe. Mudzawona mawanga obiriwira omwe adzakulira mu diso la ng'ombe. Ngati sanasamalidwe, potsirizira pake adzazungulira ndi kumangirira nzimbe, kuibwezera.

• Mayi Berry: Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda aakulu kwambiri omwe amakhudza blueberries. Mabulosi am'mayi amayamba ndi bowa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za infestation zimakhala zakuda za masango a maluwa, omwe amafa. Chifukwa ndi bowa, spores amatha kukhalabe ndi kuwonetsa maluwa otsalira. Chipatsocho chimapangitsa tani ndi zovuta, zikuwoneka ngati zipatso zam'madzi.
• Blights Zachiwiri. (Phomopsis): Blight blight ingayambe kuyang'ana mofanana ndi kuchoka. Monga momwe mphutsi zimatuluka, zimatha kukhudza korona, nthambi zing'onozing'ono ndi nthambi komanso kuyambitsa tsamba.

Matenda a zakudya:

Chlorosis (Kuphuka masamba): Si zachilendo masamba a buluu kuti ayambe chikasu kapena ayang'ane chlorotic. Ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri izi ndi chizindikiro cha kusowa kwachitsulo , mwina si chifukwa chosowa chitsulo m'nthaka. Zikuoneka kuti ndikukuuzani kuti dothi la pH ndi lalitali kwambiri komanso zomera za buluu sizingathe kupeza chitsulo chomwe chili kale.

Mukawona kuphuka kwa chikasu, dulani nthaka yanu pH kuyesa ndikupanga kusintha.