Coragyps atratus
Ng'ombe yochuluka kwambiri ku Western Hemisphere, nyongolotsi yakuda ndi mbalame yowonongeka yomwe ikuwoneka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa North America komanso m'madera ambiri a South America. Kawirikawiri akuwonetsa kudya pamsewu kapena mitembo, chowotchachi chimathandiza kwambiri poyeretsa chilengedwe ndi kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda kwa zinyama zina.
Dzina Loyamba: Black Black, American Black Vulture, Buzzard
Dzina la sayansi : Coragyps atratus
Scientific Family : Cathartidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wamtundu, wochepa kwambiri, wokhomerera kwambiri, wakuda ndi nsonga yoyera ya njovu
- Kukula kwake : 24-26 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 55-60-inch, miyendo yaitali, mapiko ambiri, mchira,
- Mabala : Oda, oviira, oyera, oyera-imvi, imvi-yakuda, iridescent
- Zizindikiro : Amuna amodzi ndi ofanana ndi nthiti yakuda yakuda yomwe ingasonyeze zobiriwira kumbuyo kumbuyo bwino. Mutu ndi mmero zimakhala zofiira-zakuda, khungu lakuda lomwe lingasonyeze tsitsi lakuda kapena patchy fuzz. Nthenga za pulayimale zoyera zimakhala zikuwonekeratu kuthawa koma zimasonyezanso nsonga zamdima pafupipafupi. Miyendo ndi miyendo ndi yofiira, ndipo maso ndi ofiira kapena amdima a orange. Mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi anthu akuluakulu koma zimakhala ndi khungu lochepa pamutu ndipo zimakhala ndi ndalama zamdima.
Chakudya: Carrion , mazira, zinyama zowonongeka ( Onani: Zapamwamba )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mitundu yakuda ndi mitundu yosinthika yomwe imapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mathithi, udzu, malo otseguka, minda yaulimi, mabombe komanso madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi.
Mbalamezi sizimapezeka kumapiri okwera kwambiri kapena zamasamba kwambiri. Ku United States, chaka chonse chakuda chotchedwa vulture chimachokera ku Virginia ndi Kentucky kupita ku Arkansas, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Oklahoma ndi kum'maŵa kwa Texas, kupitirira kumwera kupita ku Mexico. Mitundu ya mbalameyi ikuphatikizaponso Central America ndi South America mpaka pakati pa Chile ndi pakati pa Argentina.
M'chilimwe, mabala ena amdima amafalikira kumpoto kukamera kumwera kwa Illinois, Indiana, Ohio ndi Pennsylvania. Anthu omwewo a kumpoto adzasamukira kummwera m'nyengo yozizira, koma mitu yambiri yakuda siikusamuka.
Mitundu yakuda ya black vulture ikukula mpaka kumpoto ndi kumadzulo, koma pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonetsa alendo kwa alendo akudziwika kuti ndi kutali kwambiri ndi Maine, California ndi Wisconsin.
Zolemba:
Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chete, koma zinyama zomwe zili m'chisazi zimakhala ndi zozizwitsa. "Kununkhira" kwachisoni kumakhala kosavuta kumveketsa anthu achikulire kapena osasunthika, ndipo zina zimaphatikizapo kukwaza ndi kubuula, makamaka kuchokera kumatumba akuluakulu.
Makhalidwe:
Mbalamezi zimatha kukhala paokha koma zimapezeka m'magulu, ndipo nthawi zina zimapanga zoweta ndi nkhuku, makamaka pofufuza chakudya. Mbalame zakuda zimakhala ndi maso kwambiri koma zimakhala zosavuta kwenikweni , ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatsatira nkhuku za mtundu wa Turkey. Iwo akhoza kukhala okwiya pa chakudya ndipo adzathamangitsa mbalame zina zodyera. Iwo akhoza kukhala opanda mantha pazomwe angapeze chakudya chabwino, ndipo akhoza kuthamanga ndi kugwedezeka, mopepuka komanso pamsewu pamene magalimoto akudutsa pamsewu.
Izi ndi mbalame zam'mlengalenga, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zooneka bwino ndi mapiko awo kufalikira dzuwa , makamaka m'mawa.
Ndege yakuda imakhala ndi mapiko osakanikirana, osagwirizana komanso mapulaneti ochepa. Akaopsezedwa, amatha kubwerera m'mbuyo asanathamange kuti apulumuke kuti apulumuke.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zodzikongoletsera , zomwe zimakhala ndi zibwenzi pambuyo pa chibwenzi . Iwo samanga chisa, ndipo mmalo mwawo mazira amaikidwa pa nthaka yopanda kanthu kapena mumdima wosasunthika mumphanga, chitsime chopanda pake, chipika chopanda kanthu kapena nyumba yosiyidwa. Mazira amachokera ku utoto wonyezimira kuti awononge mtundu wa buluu. Ana amodzi okhawo amaikidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo pamene mazira awiri ndi ofala kwambiri, ana angakhale ochokera mazira 1-3.
Makolo awiriwa amawombera mazira masiku 36-48, ndipo atatuluka pang'ono, makolo onse amabweretsa chakudya kwa ana a hatchlings kwa masiku 75 mpaka 95 mpaka mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kuyenda mofulumira.
Kukopa Mitu Yakuda:
Izi si mbalame zam'mbuyo ndipo pamene sapita kukaona malo odyetsa mbalame, nthawi zina zimatha kuwonetsedwa pamabwinja akuluakulu. Kawirikawiri amawonekera pamsewu momwe msewu umakhala wamba, ndipo oyendetsa galimoto ayenera kukhala osamala poyandikira mvula yakuda kuti asawononge mbalamezo. M'madera akumidzi kapena kumidzi, amatha kupita kumabwalo am'mbali pamsewu ngati msewu ulipo. M'madera ena, mbalamezi zimaonedwa ngati zovuta pamene zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu asanayambe kudya .
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale kuti mazira akuda sakuwopsyeza kapena akhoza kuika pangozi, akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo cha DDT ndi poizoni wina wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso poizoni wowonongeka kuchokera ku mitembo yomwe amadya. Malo ena odyera malo omwe amatha kukhala nawo angayambitse kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu, ndipo alimi nthawi zina amawononga mbalame chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapha kapena amazunza ziweto zatsopano. Kuwombera magalimoto kumakhala koopsya m'madera momwe mbalamezi zimadyera pamsewu. Komabe, chiwerengero cha nkhono zakuda chimapitiriza kukula ndipo mbalameyi ikukula.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Turkey Vulture ( Cathartes aura )
- Eurasian Black Vulture ( Aegypius monachus )
- Kondomu ya California ( Gymnogyps californianus )