Gavia stellata
Mitengo yaing'ono kwambiri koma yofala kwambiri ya mbalamezi, mbalame yofiira ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zakumpoto padziko lapansi.
Dzina Loyamba: Wofiira Wofiira Wofiira, Wofiira Wofiira, Wofiira, Wowonongeka, Cape Drake, Cape Racer, Sprat Loon, Spratoon, Little Loon
Dzina la sayansi : Gavia stellata
Scientific Family : Gaviidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Zakale, zamphamvu, zowonjezereka kwambiri m'litali mwake, zakuda
- Kukula kwake : mainchesi 24-27 kutalika ndi mapiko a mapaipi 42-45, mutu wozungulira, chifuwa chophwanyika, khosi lalitali
- Colours : Wofiira, wakuda, woyera, njerwa yofiira
- Zizindikiro : Amuna ali ofanana, ngakhale amuna amakhala aakulu kwambiri ndipo amaposa kuposa akazi. Pakuzala, mutu uli wolimba imvi ndipo khosi lalitali liri bwino, loyera lakuda ndi loyera kumtunda ndi kamtengo kofiira pamwala. Chifuwa ndi pansi zimakhala zoyera, ngakhale zida zowonongeka zingasonyeze pambali. Kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi mdima ndi pang'ono kwambiri imvi mottling. M'nyengo yozizira, mphukira zosabereka, ziphuphuzi zimakhala ndi nkhope yoyera, mmero ndi pakhosi, mdima wamdima, nyemba zoyera pamsana wakuda ndi ndalama za paler. Chaka chonse, maso ali ofiira ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi mdima.
Maofesiwa ali ofanana ndi achikulire akuluakulu a nyengo yozizira koma amasonyeza kwambiri imvi m'mphepete mwa mmero ndi ndalama zambiri.
Zakudya : Nsomba, tizilombo, amphibians, crustaceans, mollusks ( Onani: Osauka )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Zomba zam'mwerazi zimakhala ndi mitsinje ndipo zimapezeka pamadziwe, m'nyanja, m'madzi ndi nkhumba m'nyengo yozizira, m'nyengo yozizira amasankha madzi osasuntha omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga mabala, malo osungirako nyama komanso malo osungirako ziweto, ngakhale kuti adzatuluka kupita kunyanja.
Kumera kwawo kumaphatikizapo madera a Arctic a North America ndi Eurasia, kuphatikizapo Iceland ndi Scandinavia. M'nyengo yozizira, amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Europe kumbali ya kum'mwera kwa Spain komanso m'nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, komanso ku Asia m'nyengo yozizira yofiira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Japan, Peninsula ya Korea komanso kum'mwera monga kumpoto kwa China.
Ku North America, nyengo yozizira imapita kum'mwera kumpoto kwa Baja Peninsula pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific ndi ku South Carolina pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic.
Zithunzi zosawoneka ndizosawerengeka koma nthawi zina zimakhala zolembedwera mkati, makamaka nthawi ya kusamuka, ndipo maulendowa sakhala owerengera kwambiri kumwera kuposa momwe akuyembekezeredwa, kuphatikiza kumpoto kwa Africa, central Mexico ndi Mongolia.
Zolemba:
Mbalamezi zili ndi liwu lozama lomwe limaphatikizapo nyanga yoimba, nyimbo, kulira kwa phokoso komanso kupweteka kwakukulu kapena kuyimba mawu. Achinyamata achichepere akupemphani kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kuti azisamalira anthu.
Makhalidwe:
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira koma zimatha kupanga nkhosa panthawi imene amasamukira kapena m'malo oyenera m'nyengo yozizira. Njira yawo yoyendetsa ndegeyo ndi yolunjika komanso yolunjika ndi mapiko akuluakulu, ndipo amasonyeza kuti mbalame ndi zitsime zimathamanga kwambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimasuntha makosi awo pansi ndi pansi.
Mbalamezi ndizovuta komanso zimakhala zovuta pamtunda, koma zimakhala zosavuta zomwe zimatsika mpaka mamita 90 popita nyama. Nthawi zambiri amalephera kubweza ngongole zawo, ndipo amatha kuchoka pamadzi kapena pamtunda ngati kuli kofunikira, popanda "msewu" womwe umathamanga kuti ukhale wothamanga.
Kubalanso:
Izi zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zimagwirizanitsa nthawi yaitali zomwe zingasonyeze kusinthana kwa moyo . Mawonetseredwe a kachipatala akuphatikizapo kulowetsa bilo mumadzi komanso kuvina maulendo akufupi ndi kuthawa pafupi ndi okwatirana omwe angakhale nawo. Pambuyo pokhala ndi zibwenzi, onse awiri amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti amange chisa chakuya kapena mchenga wa udzu, moss, udzu wouma ndi matope, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi zipangizo zabwino kapena nthenga zingapo. Pali mazira ooneka ngati mazira oposa atatu, ndipo amachokera ku zitsamba zamtundu wa azitona kupita ku tani ndipo amakhala splotched kapena kanyanga kakang'ono ndi mdima wakuda.
Makolo awiriwa amagwira nawo ntchito yobwezeretsa masiku 25-28, ndipo nkhuku zapadera zimachoka chisa tsiku lothawa. Amatha kudyetsa okha koma mbalame za makolo zimapatsa chakudya chosavuta komanso chitsogozo chokhazikika, ndipo ngati anapiye akuopsezedwa, makolowo akhoza kuchita zinthu zosokoneza kuti asamangodzidya.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimathawa ulendo wawo wazaka 50 mpaka 60. Chifukwa cha nthawi yaitali yachisamaliro, awiriwa amatha kukweza ana amodzi pachaka, ngakhale kuti chisa chikulephera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, iwo angayambe ana atsopano pamalo odyera atsopano.
Kukopa Zowonongeka Zofiira:
Izi si mbalame za kumbuyo koma zikhoza kuwoneka m'madera osayembekezeka ndi madzi abwino otseguka, makamaka panthawi yosamuka. Kusungidwa kwa malo okhala ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala zamoyo zam'madzi zimakhala zofunikira kuti tizilombo tomwe timakhala tizilombo tofiira.
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale kuti zidazi sizingasokonezedwe kapena zowonongeka, anthu ena akuchepa monga madera a Arctic akuyendetsedwa ndi mafakitale komanso magulu oopsya am'deralo akhoza kusiyana. Mafuta otayika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuwonjezereka kwa poizoni ndioopseza mazira a red-throated, ndipo nsomba za gill ndi njira zosasamala zowedzera zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri malondawa, makamaka m'nyengo yawo yozizira.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Mbalame Yamtundu Yamtundu ( Gavia arctica )
- Pacific Loon ( Gavia pacifica )
- Grebe Wofiira ( Podiceps grisegena )
Chithunzi - Chotupa Chofiira-Chimera Chotsitsa © Jason Crotty
Chithunzi - Chotupa Chofiira-Chosabala Mbalame © Don Henise