Matenda a Botrytis ndi nkhanza kwa olima maluwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawononga zomera m'munda mwawo, kuwononga maluwa momwe akukonzekera. Botrytis, yemwe amatchedwanso imvi ya nkhungu, ndi matenda a fungal , ndipo wamaluwa amatha kuzindikira pamene akuwona zizindikiro za zomera:
- Kusamba kapena kutuluka pa masamba
- Kuwombera kapena kubzala masamba ndi mphukira
- Dontho la Leaf
- Kukula kofiirira kofiirira pa maluwa ndi masamba
- Maluwa omwe amalephera kutseguka
- Kutembenuza maluwa
- Kudyetsa matenda a mbande
Botrytis amakula bwino ndi nyengo yozizira, choncho wamaluwa adzawona zizindikiro za nkhungu zakuda nthawi zambiri pa kasupe maluwa .
Maluwa Okhudza Botrytis
M'kati mwa maluwa munda, marigolds , zosayembekezereka , peonies ndi maluwa ndizo zowoneka kwambiri zomera zosonyeza zizindikiro za botrytis. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, maluwa angapo amatha kukhala ndi bowa, makamaka cyclamen , geraniums , ndi poinsettia . Mbande zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawombera matenda opangidwa ndi botrytis bowa zikuphatikizapo pansies , petunias , ndi snapdragons .
Zamagetsi Zamagulu a Botrytis
Sulfur powders ndi sprays ndi othandiza kuthetsa matenda a fungal monga botrytis m'munda wamaluwa. Ikani mankhwala opweteka m'mawa kapena madzulo kuti musawononge njuchi kapena tizilombo topindulitsa.
Mankhwala osakanikirana, koma ogwira bwino kwambiri omwe amatsutsana ndi matenda a masamba m'minda yamaluwa ndi bakiteriya Bacillus subtilis , ogulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la malonda Serenade.
Ambiri amaluwa amafotokoza kuti kununkhira kwa mankhwalawa sikungakhale kosautsa poyerekeza ndi mankhwala enaake omwe amapangidwa ndi fungicide.
Chikhalidwe Cholamulira cha Botrytis
Mukawona zizindikiro zoyambirira za botrytis m'munda wamaluwa, tulukani. Chotsani masamba onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi maluwa, ndi kuwononga chomeracho.
Sungani malo osokoneza bongo mukatha kudulira zomera kuti musatenge kufalitsa zomera. Ndifunikanso kuti nthaka ikhale yozungulira zomera zomwe sizikuwonongeka , zomwe zimakhala ngati malo odyetsera fungal spores.
Ngakhale kuti simungathe kuchita chilichonse chokhudza mvula m'madera mwanu, mukhoza kuthandiza zomera kuthana ndi chinyezi chochuluka. Gwiritsani ntchito ulimi wothirira mowa, womwe umapereka madzi kumalo a mizu kumene amafunikira ndikusunga masamba owuma. Pewani kuthirira pamwamba, komwe kungawononge nthaka yonyansa pa masamba. Madzi m'mawa kuti mazuŵa a dzuwa asinthe mchere uliwonse pamasamba. Tsatirani ndondomeko zoyenera zowonjezera zomera, kuti mupititse patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka mpweya. Dulani mkati mwa zomera zowonjezereka kuti muwonjezere kayendetsedwe ka mpweya zomwe zimachotsa matendawa.
Kutentha kwa Botrytis Management
Malamulo a botrytis mu wowonjezera kutentha ali ofanana ndi omwe ali m'munda, koma wowonjezera kutentha wamaluwa amatha kuyendetsa malo obiriwira otentha kuposa kunja. Gwiritsani ntchito mafani a kukula kokwanira ndi chiwerengero cha kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Muyenera kuyesetsa kuti chinyezi chikhale pansi pa 80%, ndipo kusintha mlengalenga katatu kapena katatu pa ora kumathandizira kukwaniritsa izi.
Wogulitsa wanu wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukuthandizani kuwerengera mafani omwe akufunikira malinga ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri.
Kwezani kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha dzuwa litalowa kuti liume pamadzi. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Sulani zomera zomwe zikusonyeza zizindikiro za botrytis kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha kwa anthu. Kuwononga zomera pa zitsanzo zocheperako zomwe mungathe kuzilemba mosavuta; izi zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwowonjezereka.
Kugonjetsa kwabwino kwa Botrytis
Kuphulika koopsa kwa botrytis kungafunike kuti mapulojekiti aziwathandiza kuti athetse matendawa. Botrytis akhoza kukhala osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala, kotero kusinthira nthawi zina kungapangitse bwino kuchepetsa. Olima munda ayenera kuyang'ana fungicides omwe ali ndi imodzi mwa zosakaniza izi:
- Chlorothalonil
- Fenhexamid
- Fludioxonil
- Myclobutanil
Maluwa a Botrytis Akukula
Mwamwayi, akatswiri ochita zamaluwa samapanga mitundu yonse ya maluwa omwe sagonjetsedwa.
'Ndondomeko Buluu' petunias ndi 'Tidal Wave Pink' petunias ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe imatsutsana kwambiri ndi maluwa kusiyana ndi achikulire a petunia. Anthu okonda peony akhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wambiri wokhala ndi mitengo yokhala ndi mitengo yosiyana ndi ya P. lactiflora garden peonies . Olima munda ayenera kupitiliza kulimbana ndi matendawa a maluwa a maluwa omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri pochita bwino munda wamtundu ndi kutentha kwaukhondo komanso miyambo.