European Starling

Zosintha komanso zothandiza, nyenyezi ya ku Ulaya ndi mbalame yamba padziko lonse lapansi. Wachibadwidwe ku Eurasia, mitunduyi yakhala ikudziwitsidwa bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti imaonedwa ngati mbalame yosautsa m'madera ambiri, kuphatikizapo North America.

Dzina Loyamba : European Starling, Common Starling, Starling

Dzina la sayansi: Sturnus vulgaris

Scientific Family: Sturnidae

Maonekedwe:

• Bill : Kutalika, kunyoza, kukasupa kumatulutsa, mdima wakuda m'malo osabzala

• Kukula kwake : 8.5 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a masentimita 15, mchira wokhomerera
• Mitundu : Yamtundu, yodula, yowirira, yofiira, yofiirira, yoyera
• Zizindikiro : Zogonana ndi zofanana ndi zojambulira zakuda zakuda zowonekera ndi mutu wofiira ndi wofiira pamutu, kumbuyo, nape , kumbali ndi chifuwa. Mphuno yowonongeka yatsopano imakhala ndi nsonga, zoyera kapena zobiriwira kuti nthenga zimapatsa mbalame maonekedwe ooneka bwino, ngakhale mawanga amatha patsiku. Mapiko ndi mchira waufupi ndi amdima ndi ophwanyidwa ndi buff. Miyendo ndi mapazi ndi ofiira. Mvula yachisanu ndi yovuta kwambiri popanda gloss yozungulira, ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi mdima.
  
  Zithunzizo ndizosowa zonyezimira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi miyendo yakuda ndi mapazi ndi malipiro amdima.

Zakudya: Tizilombo, zipatso, tirigu, mbewu (Onani: Omnivorous )

Habita ndi Kusamukira:

Mzinda wa European starling's habitat umaphatikizapo chaka chonse kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi kuzungulira Nyanja ya Caspian imene imadutsa ku Scandinavia ndi kumadzulo kwa Russia m'chilimwe komanso ku Iberia, Middle East ndi kumpoto kwa Africa m'nyengo yozizira.

Mbalamezi zafalitsidwa m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo South Africa, Australia ndi New Zealand. Ku North America, nyenyezi za ku Ulaya zimapezeka chaka chonse ku United States, kumpoto kwa Mexico ndi kum'mwera kwa Canada, ndipo zikuwonjezeka kumpoto nthawi yachisanu. Zilibe kanthu kumene mbalame zimapezeka, zimakonda malo osungiramo malo monga zigwa, minda yaulimi ndi mitengo yotseguka, komanso m'madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi.

Zolemba:

Awa ndi mbalame zamphepo zokhala ndi mfuu yosiyanasiyana, yofuula. Kuimbira kwapadera kumaphatikizapo mluzu, mazembera, ming'oma, zipsu ndi trills, ndipo amatha kutsanzira mitundu yambiri ya mbalame ndi zosaoneka mbalame. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakweza kwambiri popempha chisa kapena posakhalitsa, ndipo gulu la nkhosa kapena akuluakulu akhoza kupanga cacophony.

Makhalidwe:

Nyenyezi za ku Ulaya ndizolakalaka, mbalame zamphamvu zomwe zingakhale zaukali pakudyetsa kapena kumanga. Pakati pa nyengo yoberekera nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha kapena amapezeka awiriwa, koma kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira amatha kupanga zoweta zazikulu zomwe zingathe kukhala ndi mbalame imodzi kapena kuposerapo. Nkhosa zazikuluzikuluzi zimatha kukhala ndi nyenyezi kapena zikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Pamene akudyetsa, mbalamezi zimamera pang'onopang'ono, zimalowa mu udzu wochepa ndi nthaka ndizolipira ngongole pofunafuna tizilombo ndi tirigu pamene tikuyendayenda, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta. Iwo amadziwika kuti akukwera mitsinje ya mbalame zina ndipo amangoba mwachangu.

Kubalanso:

Izi ndizo mbalame zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina, kuphatikizapo mitengo yamatabwa, chickadees ndi bluebirds.

Nthaŵi zina mitala imadziwika pakati pa amuna ena. Mbalame ziwiri zidzatulutsa mazira awiri a 5-8 a buluu kapena a mazira obiriwira omwe ali obiriwira panthawi yoperekera.

Makolo awiriwa amawombera mazira masiku 12-14, ndipo makolo onse awiri amadyetsa achinyamata achikulire kwa masiku 19-21 atatha. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatsata makolo awo kwa milungu iwiri ndikupempha chakudya.

Kuwopseza Zinyama za ku Ulaya:

Mbalamezi zimawoneka mosavuta ndi odyera kumbuyo ndi mafuta a mandimu, suet ndi mikate ya mkate, ndipo amapitanso kumalo odyetsera mbewu ndi mbewu. Chifukwa mbalamezi zimatha kubweretsa ziweto zazikulu kumbuyo kwawo, mbalame zambiri zimakonda kukhumudwitsa maulendo awo . Kudyetsa mbalame zazikulu ndi kuyeretsa mbewu zomwe zinatayika pansi kungathe kuchepetsa kupha nsomba za ku Ulaya.

Kusungidwa:

Mbalamezi sizikuwopsedwa kapena kuika pangozi, ngakhale m'madera ena a mtundu wawo, anthu awo akuchepa kwambiri. Komabe, m'madera ena, anthu akukwera, otsogolera akukhulupirira kuti mitundu yonseyo ingasinthe, osati kusintha kokha kwa anthu.

Kumadera kumene mbalamezi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zovuta, sizikhala zotetezedwa nthawi zambiri ndipo zimatha kugwedezeka kapena kuzunzidwa.

Mbalame zofanana:

• Spotless Starling ( Sturnus wosasintha )
• Brewer's Blackbird ( Euphagus cyanocephalus )
• Kawirikawiri ( Quiscalus quiscula )
• Mbalame Yamphongo Yofiira ( Agelaius phoeniceus )

Chithunzi - European Starling © Lars Plougmann
Chithunzi - European Starling - Achinyamata © Joan Gellatly