Maganizo anu "odzipangitsa nokha" akuyamika, koma panthawi inayake, mudzafunika kukonza kampani yokonzanso nyumba ndikulipiritsa wina kukonza chinachake m'nyumba mwanu. Padzakhala zochitika ngati mulibe nthawi, malingaliro kapena luso lokonzekera bwino kapena kuchita ntchito zina zomwe mukufuna kuti muchite. Tonse timagula munthu kuti akonze chinachake m'nyumba mwathu. Chimene mungapeze pano ndi chitsogozo pa nthawi komanso momwe mungasankhire wokonza nyumba kapena wokonza makonza.
Mitundu Yomangamanga Yomangamanga
Mukafuna ntchito yokonza nyumba yanu, nthawi zambiri mumagula mtundu wapadera wamalonda wotchedwa "subcontractor" yemwe ndi wosiyana ndi wogwira ntchito wamkulu (GC) kapena womanga. Mkonzi wamkulu kapena womanga ndi kampani yomwe idzamanga pulojekiti yaikulu yokonzanso kapena kumanga nyumba yatsopano ndikugwiritsira ntchito makampani onse apadera.
GC ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa polojekiti yaikulu ndipo kawirikawiri sapereka ntchito yomanga nyumbayo. Izo zimachokera ku subcontractors kapena "malonda" (ntchito zomangamanga). Pa nyumba yatsopano kapena polojekiti yaikulu yokonzanso nyumba, izi zimaphatikizapo wopukuta, konkireti, yopanga makina opangira mapulasitiki, opanga nyumba , plumber, magetsi ( HVAC ) magetsi, womaliza mapulani, wojambula, pansi pake , etc. GC ikulemba izi ma subcontractors mwachindunji ndikugwira "mwachindunji" malonda awo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amamugwirira ntchito ndipo ali ndi mgwirizano kwa iye.
Mudzakhala ndi mgwirizano ndi GC okha, osati GC subs.
GC imapanga ndalama polemba ndalama za subcontractors monga peresenti ya ndalama zowonongeka (wamba) kapena ngati ndalama zowonjezera (osati zofala). Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi, amapereka kasamalidwe ka ndondomeko ya subs, kulipira malipiro, kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga, amapereka zowonongeka, phukusi-john, inshuwalansi ndi zinthu zina zosiyana zomwe mukufunikira kumanga nyumba kapena kumanga kuwonjezera .
Ma subcontractors amapanga ndalama zawo polipira ntchito komanso polemba zinthu.
GC ndi "generalist" ndi subcontractors ndi "akatswiri." Pamene mukufunikira chinthu china chokhazikika m'nyumba mwanu, mukufunikira katswiri, ndipo munthu ameneyo ndiye wapadera wothandizira, mwachitsanzo, plumber .
Ponena za kuitanitsa munthu kuti azikonzekera ntchito zambiri anthu omwe amachita ntchitoyi sangakhale ali ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka. Iwo akhoza kukhala "mnyamata ali ndi galimoto," mwachitsanzo chitsanzo choyeretsa madzi , kapena raker la masamba kapena nthawi zina wojambula. Ngakhale kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu iyi ya anthu kungawonongeke, muyenera kusamala kuyambira mukudandaula ndi ntchito komanso maudindo omwe alipobe koma simudzakhala ndi chitetezo chalamulo mukamagwiritsa ntchito makontrakitala . Mwachidule, pewani chiyeso palimodzi ndipo nthawizonse mugwiritse ntchito makontrakitala.
Kusankha Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Katswiri
Kupanga chisankho chogwiritsira ntchito kontrakiti ndi chimodzi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chenicheni. Idzafika pansi kuti iwonetsetse:
- Mtengo wanu wotonthoza ndi ntchito yomwe ilipo
- Nthawi yanu
- Ndondomeko yanu
Ngati mukuyendetsa kupyolera pa ntchito yokonzetsa nyumba yatsopano kumapangidwe atsopano monga owonjezera magetsi kapena kuwonjezera madzi, muyenera kufufuza kuti muwone ngati chilolezo chikufunika kuchokera ku dipatimenti yanu yomanga.
Simukusowa chilolezo chokonzekera kunyumba zambiri koma mungafunike chilolezo cha "ntchito yatsopano" makamaka magetsi, kutentha, kuzizira ndi kupopera madzi. Nthaŵi zina, chilolezocho chimafuna kuti kampani yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito yoteteza thanzi la anthu, chitetezo, ndi chitukuko. Nthaŵi zina, mungafunike kuti woyang'anira nyumbayo ayang'ane ntchito yanu panthawi yomanga komanso itatha.
Ngati mupeza kuti kampani yoperekera chilolezo sakufunikila chilolezo kapena kuti ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuchita ikhoza kuyikidwa pansi pa "Permit Owner's Permit" ndiye kuti muyenera kudzifunsa mafunso atatu:
- Kodi ndimadzimva kuti ndikupanga (kapena ndikukhala bwino ndikuyesa) kukonzanso?
- Kodi zotsatira zake zivomerezeka ngati zimanditengera nthawi yaitali kuti ndichite ntchitoyo kuposa momwe ndikuyembekezera?
- Kodi ndikufunadi kuyesa ntchitoyi?
Ngati mutayankha "ayi" kufunso ili pamwambapa, mwinamwake muyenera kumanga kontrakita kuti mukonze. Ngati munayankha "inde" kwa onse, muyenera kuwombera ndikudzikonza nokha. Ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe mungapezere chidziwitso ndi chidaliro.
Mmene Mungasamalire Project
Mukasankha kukonza makontrakta muyenera kudziwa momwe mungamuthandizire, kaya ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba mwamsanga kapena polojekiti yaikulu yokonzanso nyumba kapena zomangamanga. Mwanjira iliyonse, pali njira zina zomwe mungatsatire poyang'anira ntchito ya aliyense amene mumagwira ntchito kuti muzigwira ntchito panyumba panu:
- Gwiritsani ntchito chilolezo, bungwe la inshuwalansi .
- Fotokozani ziyembekezo za onse awiri (inu ndi iwo) ndikusamalira zomwe mukuyembekezera.
- Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, lembani chikalata chovomerezeka ( mgwirizano, kapena chizindikiro chovomerezeka ndi chovomerezeka ) chomwe chikufotokoza zomwe iwo adzakuchitireni (wotchedwa Scope of Work), kufotokozera momwe zidzakhalira komanso komwe nthawiyo ilili adzatenga komanso pamene ayamba ndi kutha.
- Fotokozerani malipiro anu musanayambe ntchito ndipo pangani mawuwo mbali ya chikalata chanu chosaina.
- Fotokozani zomwe mukuyembekeza komanso zofunikira pa kuyeretsa ntchito zawo ndi chitetezo cha madera oyandikana nawo monga gawo la chikalata chosaina (mwachitsanzo, padenga nyumba ayenera kuteteza malo anu panthawi yopukutira denga ndikuyeretseratu zinyalala.)
- Kambiranani ufulu wa makontrakita kuti apite kunyumba pamene simukupezekapo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi anu, magetsi. (Zindikirani: Yesetsani kukhala ndi kontrakita kunyumba kwanu pamene mulibe, izi zikukutetezani inu ndi iwo.)
- Asanakhazikitsidwe asanayambe ntchito, kambiranani mwachikondi zomwe mukufuna kuti iwo azisamala nazo ngati muli ndi nkhawa zina.
- Pamene ntchito ikuchitika, kawirikawiri achoke kontrakita yekha. Khalani okoma koma musayende panjira. Onetsetsani zomwe akuchita. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa pazinthu zomwe mukuwona, funsani makontrakitala, koma yesetsani kuti agwire ntchito yawo. Makampaniwa amapanga moyo wawo mwa kulowa ndi kuchoka pantchito bwino.
- Kambiranani za "zowonjezera:" Nkhani yovuta kwambiri yomwe mungakumane nayo ndi pempho la kontrakitala la "Change Order" kapena "Zowonjezera." Izi zimapangitsani mtengo wowonjezera, chifukwa chake mukusowa zofunikira za ntchito . Pempho la kusintha kusintha ndilolondola ngati kontrakitayo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa polojekiti yomwe sanaganizidwe ndi iye, kapena kusintha kwa inu. Ngati mutenga pempho la kusintha, funsani ndi kontrakitala mwachilungamo. Ngati mutasintha kapena mukumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo chifukwa cha chinachake chomwe mwachita, muyenera kuwonanso ndikulipira ngati mukuganiza kuti ndibwino. Ngati chiri chinthu chomwe nthawizonse chinali mbali ya chiwerengero, muli ndi vuto losasunthika ndipo mungafunikire kuima molimbika malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mulemba lanu losaina. Pansipa? Ngati mukufuna kukambirana mtengo pa Change Order omwe inu simunayang'ane, yesani kugawanitsa kusiyana kwake. Kulengeza ndi chilungamo kumathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa nkhaniyi.
- Pamene ntchito yokonzanso kapena yokonzanso yatha, onetsetsani kuti mukuwongolera ntchitoyo, mwayekha, musanapereke malipiro omaliza kwa kontrakitala. Onetsetsani kuti malo ogwira ntchito akuyeretsedwa monga momwe amayembekezera ndipo ntchitoyo ikuwoneka bwino. Musati muthamangitsidwe mu malipiro omaliza pa chifukwa chirichonse.
- Ngati mumasangalala ndi ntchito yawo, uwauzeni.
Kusankha Mkonzi Wabwino
Izi zingawoneke zovuta koma ndizokongola kwambiri. Yesetsani kusankha makontrakontanti omwe mungawafunike mofulumira musanawafunire. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ngati mukukonzekera mwadzidzidzi ndipo mukufuna kupeza munthu mwamsanga (yemwe ndi wabwino komanso woyenera), mulibe nthawi yopitiliza kusankha ndi kuyang'ana . Chinthu choipitsitsa chimene mungachite ndikutenga wina ku Yellow Pages popanda kuwafunsa poyamba.
Njira yosavuta ndi imodzi mwa njira yabwino yosankhira wogwira ntchito ndizotheka kupeza mauthenga ochokera kwa abwenzi, abambo kapena enieni omwe mumakhulupirira. Njira ina yabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yaulere monga HomeAdvisor yomwe imakulolani kuti muwerenge ndemanga zenizeni za ntchito ya kontrakita.
Mukakhala ndi mayina ena, kambiranani nawo, yang'anani "zamagetsi" kapena ubale ndipo muwonetsere msinkhu wawo wa ntchito. Mwaulemu, ulemu, nthawi ndi luso loyankhulana ndi zina mwazofunika kwambiri zomwe makampani angakhale nazo pambali pazochita zawo zoyenera. Ziribe kanthu momwe munthu wabwino aliri, ngati sakusankhani ndi inu pa mfundo izi, musawalembere.
Muyeneranso kukhala osamala chifukwa cha zida zoledzeretsa monga mowa kapena chamba. Ngati mukukayikira chirichonse pano, musamagule konkonzi.
Pano pali mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha makontrakitala anu .
Gwiritsani ntchito zolemba za "Best," "Zabwino," "Chabwino," "Zovomerezeka" ndi "Wotsutsa" kuti azigawa zina mwa zinthuzi.
Kupeza Mayina a Omangamanga Angatheke:
- Wakhala ndi chidziwitso choyambirira chogwira ntchito ndi makontrakita [BEST]
- Kutumizidwa odalirika kuchokera ku zochitika zenizeni za banja kapena abwenzi [ZOCHITA]
- Inu mukudziwa mbiri ya kontrakita koma simukudziwa zambiri [OK]
- Mwawapeza iwo ku ofesi ya malonda kapena malonda ambiri [FAIR]
Licensing State Contractor (ayenera kupereka chiwerengero ngati chilolezo):
- Chilolezo; sanagonepopo ndi zodandaula zomwe adazilemba kapena zomwe adachitapo [BEST]
- Chilolezo; ilibe madandaulo oyambirira omwe aperekedwa zaka zitatu kapena zoposa [FAIR]
- Chilolezo; zodandaula zamakono kapena zochita zawo motsutsa zaka 3 zapitazi [REJECT]
- Wogulitsa alibe chilolezo [REJECT]
Inshuwalansi ya Contractor (funsani kuti muwone ziphaso zawo) :
- Malipiro a Workman ndi General Account [BEST]
- Zowonongeka Zokha (kuvulaza thupi ndi kuwonongeka kwa katundu) [ZOCHITA]
- Wopanga makina alibe inshuwalansi [REJECT]
Zaka zambiri zamalonda:
- Mu bizinesi zaka zoposa 10 ndi dzina lomwelo [BEST]
- Mu bizinesi zaka zisanu kapena zina ndi dzina lomwelo [GOOD]
- Mu bizinesi yamakono 1 mpaka 5 ali ndi dzina lomwelo [OK]
- Bzinesi yatsopano pansi pa chaka chimodzi [FAIR]
Kukhazikika ndi Kukhazikika:
- Ali ndi bizinesi yamalonda ndi adilesi [BEST]
- Ali ndi ofesi ya Home kapena yankho lokha la ntchito [FAIR]
- Kuyankhulana kwa foni yekha, palibe ofesi [REJECT]
Tsambulani Lembani:
- Zomwe zakhala zikuyambe kutsogolo kuchokera kwa osachepera 5 makasitomala [BEST]
- Mavesi 1 mpaka 4 abwino ochokera kwa makasitomala akale [FAIR]
- Palibe maumboni enieni kapena maumboni olakwika omwe amaperekedwa [REJECT]
Zochitika:
- Amagwira ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuti ichitike [BEST]
- Angathe kugwira ntchito yomwe mukufuna koma amachitanso ntchito zina [OK]
- Zing'onozing'ono zomwe simukuzidziwa pa ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuigwira [REJECT]
Kukula ndi Mtengo:
- Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za kuchuluka kwa ntchito
- Maganizo (ngati alipo) ali omveka komanso olondola
- Wogwirizanitsa SAKAPEREKEZA kuchotsera ku "kulemba tsopano"
- Wogwirizanitsa adzatsimikizira ntchitoyo
- Zonsezi zotsutsa malonda ndizolembedwa
- Osapitirira 25% mpaka 33% adafunsira patsogolo
- Malipiro omalizira sakufunika mpaka ntchito itatha
Kupeza Zopindulitsa ndikuyesa Zowonjezera
Ichi ndi mbali yofunikira kwambiri yopanga ngongole bwinobwino. Tiyeni tiwathetse:
Kukula kwa Ntchito:
Izi zikutanthawuza zomwe makontrakita akukuchitirani. Onetsetsani kuti ikuphimba zinthu zonse zomwe mukufuna kuti mutsirize. Iyeneranso kufotokozera ntchito iliyonse yokonzekera, kuteteza malo ozungulira, kuyeretsa, ndi zina zotero.
Kuwonanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito pakati pa makontrakitala ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri poyesa kulingalira kwawo. Nazi zinthu zina zoti muziyang'anitsitsa muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana za makontrakitala:
- Wojambula: Fotokozani momwe akukonzekera kukonzekera kunja kapena utoto pamwamba . Gawo ili limapangitsa kapena kuswa ntchito ya penti. Fotokozerani ngati ali ndi dzanja akuponya pepala losalala (zabwino), kutsuka mphamvu kunja (samalani monga izi zingawononge madera oyandikana nawo ndipo muyenera kuyembekezera kuti khoma liume bwino musanapitirize kugwira ntchito), kuyesa, CHABWINO). Fotokozani chiwerengero cha malaya opangidwa ndi utoto wopangidwa ndi mtundu ndi mtundu wa utoto, etc. Onetsetsani kuti amateteza malo oyandikana nawo ndikuyeretsa zinyalala zilizonse.
- Malo okongola: Ziribe kanthu zomwe akunena kapena kuchuluka kwa momwe akutsutsira nkhaniyi, onetsetsani kuti akukumvetsa kuti mukufuna zitsamba zanu ndi mizu ya mitengo yanu yobzalidwa pansi. Musalole kupanga dzenje lakuya, ndikuyika chomera mmenemo ndi kuzungulira muzu wa mizu ndi chitunda cha dothi ndi mulch. Onetsetsani kuti amachotsa waya kuzungulira muzu kapena kumasula nsonga ndikuika mzuzi wonse pansi mpaka pafupifupi 6 "akukwera pamwamba. Onetsetsani kuti amatsimikiziranso kuikidwa ndi moyo wa chomera kwa nthawi yeniyeni. Kumvetsetsani udindo wanu wa kuthirira.
- Roofer: Zofunda zimakhala zosalephereka kuchoka ku shingle, zomwe zimatuluka chifukwa cholephera . Chimene inu simungakhoze kuchiwona ndi kumene madzi alowetsani. Onetsetsani kuti iwo amatsimikizira kumene kugwedeza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Khalani okhudzidwa ndikuwonanso m'mene amawunikira kunja kwa ngodya kapena khoma. Pa nyumba ya njerwa, ndi bwino kudula zida zomangira njerwa ndikuziika. Izi ndizobwino kusiyana ndi kumangirira ndikuwombera khoma la njerwa ndikudalira pa caulk. Ngati mumakhala nyengo yoziziritsa, onetsetsani kuti akuika chidebe cha mphira / madzi m'mphepete mwa denga lanu kuyambira pamwamba pa denga mpaka 24 "kudutsa khoma lakunja. Onetsetsani kuti amateteza zomera zanu ndi zitsamba ndi kuyeretsa nyamayi iliyonse tsiku lililonse.
- Mapulani: Ngati nkotheka, yesetsani kukambirana mtengo wapadera pa ntchito yawo. Kuyeretsa kafukufuku wamagetsi kawirikawiri kumagulidwa pa "phazi" chifukwa cha "njoka yoyera" yogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ma plumbers ena amapereka mtengo wokwanira pa ntchitoyi. Momwemo, muyenera kusankha kutsuka kutsuka kwadzidzidzi kutulutsa zoyenera. Pansi, kuyembekezera kulipira mtengo wapadera pa kuyitana kwadzidzidzi.
Kodi "Kodi" ndi "Sikuti" Zili M'gulu la Bid:
Nthawi zina makontrakta ayenera kupereka malipiro kapena malingaliro pamaganizo awo, monga kuchuluka kwa zinthu, kufika kunyumba kwanu, ndi zina. Ganizirani mosamalitsa maganizo ndi zosankha ndi kontrakitala. Mwamakhalidwe muwafunseni iwo za kulingalira kwa lingaliro lililonse ndi zosankha. Ngati sichoncho, zinthu izi zidzasintha kusintha. Pamene mukuyesa ndikuyerekeza zofuna pakati pa makontrakitala, malingaliro ndi zosamveka zomwe muli nazo apulo ndi lalanje.
Kuimira Makampani:
Chodetsa nkhaŵa chanu chachikulu pano ndichokonzekera chokonzekera kulembera kalankhulidwe kalikonse komwe iye wakupatsani kuti mupeze ntchitoyo. Ngati apanga malonjezo a pamlomo koma sadzazilemba, ndicho chifukwa cha kukanidwa.
Mtengo:
Fufuzani mtengo wa mgwirizano umene uli bwino bwino, momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino. Ngati sizikudziwika ndiye kuti sanatenge nthawi kuti mumvetse zomwe mukufuna, ntchito, kapena ntchito. Musati mupangitse kusankha kwanu pokhapokha pa mtengo.
Zothandiza:
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kontrakitiyo sakupatseni ndalama kapena ndalama zokakamiza kuti muyambe kulemba mgwirizano.
Makhalidwe Olipira Mgwirizano:
Afunseni kuti alembedwe ndi makalata ntchito itatha, koma yang'anani kuti ambiri afunike pokhapokha ntchito itatha. Ngati akufuna ndalama, si chizindikiro chachikulu. Ngati zipangizo zinkafunika kuti ntchito isayambe (mwachitsanzo, wopanga nyumba kapena wojambula), amafuna kulipira koyambirira kwa zipangizo. Yesetsani kuchepetsa ndalamazi mochuluka momwe mungathere. Yesetsani kulipira kuposa 33% kutsogolo ndikuvomerezani zimenezo ndi kampani yotchuka kwambiri.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Tikuyembekeza kuti mwachiduleyi muli mfundo zothandiza popanga, kuyang'anira ndikugwira ntchito ndi makontrakitala. Musawope kupempha thandizo kuchokera ku imodzi mwazinthu izi zikafunika - ndilo ntchito yawo masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata.