Pooecetes gramineus
Ngakhale mpheta yamkati imakhala ndi mafunde omveka bwino, nyimbo yake yokongola imapangitsa kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Ntchito zazing'ono zofiirazi ndizofala kwambiri kumadzulo kwawo, koma mbalame zomwe zimadziwa malo omwe amamvetsetsa ndi zomwe zimamvetsera zimatha kuwonjezera mphetazi kuzinthu za moyo wawo.
Dzina Loyamba: Mbalame ya Vesper, Baying Winged Bunting
Dzina la sayansi : Pooecetes gramineus
Scientific Family :
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Zithunzi zosaoneka bwino, zojambulidwa ndi anthu amdima wakuda kwambiri
- Kukula : 5.5-6.5 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 10-11-inch, mchira wautali wautali, mimba yakuya
- Colours : Brown, yoyera, msuzi, zonona, wakuda, wofiira
- Zizindikiro : Amuna ndi ofanana ngakhale amuna ali aakulu kuposa akazi. Chithunzi chodalalacho chimakhala ndi mphete yonyezimira yoyera, koyera kumutu ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kofiira kamene kali kolowera ndi mzere wakuda ndi woyera pansi pa malire. Nsaluyi imakhala yofiira ndi yofiira, ndipo mapiko a bulawuni amawonetsa mapiko awiri owala kapena aphiko a mapiko. Mchira ndi mdima wokhala ndi nthenga zoyera, ndipo pansi pake ndi zoyera kapena zofiira zokhala ndi mdima wandiweyani pamphepete ndi pachifuwa. Zovala zogulitsidwa ndi zoyera bwino. Pokhala kuthawa, kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri kamapezeka, koma kawirikawiri sichikuoneka pa mbalame zowonongeka pokhapokha mapiko ake atagwa ndipo mvula imatha. Maso ndi mdima ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi zotumbululuka.
Maofesi amawoneka ofanana ndi achikulire koma amawonetsa mowonjezereka kwambiri pazomwe zili pansipo ndi zolemba zosavuta kutsogolo pamaso.
Zakudya : Mbewu, tizilombo, tirigu ( Onani: Odala )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mphetazi zili ndi mitundu yambiri yozungulira ku North America. Amakonda msipu wambiri, madera ndi minda, kuphatikizapo minda yambiri komanso malo otukuka. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madera otentha kumene posachedwa komanso minda ya tirigu.
M'nyengo yotentha, mpheta zazing'ono zimapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Northwest Territories ndi kumera kwawo komwe kumayambira kum'mawa kwa British Columbia ndi kum'mwera kwa kum'mwera kwa Ontario, ku Quebec mpaka ku Newfoundland ndi Labrador. Mapiriwa amachokera kum'mwera kwa Nevada, Utah, kumpoto kwa Arizona, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa New Mexico, kumadzulo kwa Colorado ndi kum'maŵa kudutsa South Dakota ndi Iowa ndi kumpoto kwa Illinois, Indiana ndi Ohio. Mpheta zowonjezera zowonjezera zimatha kupezeka kum'mawa kupita ku New England, ngakhale kuti anthu akum'maŵa akuwombera.
M'nyengo yozizira, mphetazi zimasamukira kum'mwera kwa California ndi kum'mwera kwa United States kumpoto kwa kumpoto kwa Florida, ndipo nyengo yawo yozizira imafika kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa North Carolina ndi Virginia. Kumadzulo, mpheta zazing'ono zachisanu kumadzulo kwenikweni kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Mexico.
Zolemba:
Mbalamezi zili ndi nyimbo zomveka bwino zomwe zimayambira ndi 2-4 yaitali, zolembera machesi zozengereza zotsatiridwa ndi zingapo za buzzy trills ndi nkhondo. Mchitidwe wodabwitsa ndi chingwe chakuthwa.
Makhalidwe:
Mpheta yotchedwa vesper imaimba mofulumira madzulo, pa nthawi yofanana ndi misonkhano ya Akatolika, yomwe inachititsa kuti mbalameyo itchulidwe.
Iyi si nthawi yokhayo yomwe mbalamezi zimaimba, komabe, pamene zimakhala ndi nyimbo, zimakonda kugwira ntchito m'magulu akuluakulu, poyera kuti nyimbo yawo imanyamula bwino, makamaka nthawi ya kuswana.
Izi ndi mpheta zokha, ngakhale zimakhala zochepa, zimasokoneza kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira. Pamene akudya chakudya, nthawi zina amagwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya mpheta. Nthaŵi zambiri amathira pansi akuwombera mbewu ndi tizilombo, ndipo amatha kuthamanga kapena kuchoka ku ngozi m'malo mothawa nthawi yomweyo.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosagwirizana . Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mkaziyo amamanga chisa chachitsulo chamtunda pansi pa zomera kuti azibisala, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu, namsongole ndi mizu yaying'ono kumanga chisa ndi kuyalapo ndi udzu wabwino ndi ubweya. Mazira owoneka ngati ovundala ndi obiriwira oyera kapena obiriwira ndipo amadziwika ndi mawanga ofiira, a imvi kapena ofiira, streaks ndi splotches.
Pali mazira 2-6 pa mwana aliyense.
Makolo awiriwa amagawana ntchito zowakonzera masiku 11-13, koma akazi ambiri amachita makina ambiri. Ngati mbalame ikuyandikira chisa, kholo lachikazi angagwiritse ntchito mawonedwe osokoneza mapiko kuti asasokoneze mazira ake. Pambuyo pa ziphuphu zazing'ono, makolo onse amadyetsa anawo masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri (7-14), ngakhale kumapeto kwa nestling nthawi yamphongo imatha kutenga nthawi zambiri pamene mkazi ayamba mwana wina. Mpheta zazing'ono zingapangitse ana aamuna 1-3 chaka chilichonse.
Mpheta imeneyi ndi magulu ambiri omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi ziwalo zowonongeka . Nthaŵi zambiri, mpheta zazing'ono zimatha kusokoneza mpheta, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse sizimatsimikiziridwa.
Kukongola Mpheta za Vesper:
Kusiya mapepala oimba abwino omwe angapezeke kungathandize kukopa mbalamezi kuti mbalame zam'nyumba zinyumba zisangalale ndi nyimbo zawo. Mbalame yamtunda imadyetsa ming'alu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chimanga chophwanyika kapena mbewu zina ndizo chakudya choyenera, komanso kukongola kwa mbalame komwe kumaphatikizapo maluwa obala mbewu kumayeseranso mpheta zazikulu. Amakonda kwambiri malo osambira , ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito fumbi loyenera. Ngati mbalame sizingakope mphetazi, zimatha kuziwona m'malo oyenerera, makamaka m'mphepete mwa misewu ya kumidzi ndi minda yachonde.
Kusungidwa:
Mpheta zimenezi sizikuwopsedwa kapena kuopsezedwa m'njira iliyonse, koma chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo. Kupititsa patsogolo, kulima kwaulimi ndi kuponderetsa zonse kumachotsa mpheta zowonongeka.
Mbalame zofanana :
- Savannah Sparrow ( Passerculus sandwichensis )
- Henslow's Sparrow ( Ammodramus henslowii )
- Nyimbo Yamphongo ( Melospiza melodia )
- Spwerrow ya Brewer ( Spizella breweri )
- American Pipit ( Anthus rubescens )
- Sky Lark ( Alauda arvensis )
Chithunzi - Mbalame ya Vesper © Tim Lenz