Sphyrapicus ruber
Chomera chamtengo wapakatikati, chibokosi chofiira pachifuwa chofiira chikayambidwa kuti chinali mtundu womwewo ngati sapsucker wachikasu ndi wofiira wofiira, koma mbalame zonsezi tsopano zidagawanika kukhala mitundu yosiyana. Kudziwa chomwe chimapangitsa aliyense kukhala wapadera ndi njira yabwino kuti mbalame ziphunzire zambiri za amitundu awa okongola.
Dzina Loyamba: Sapsucker Wofiira-Wofiira
Dzina la sayansi : Sphyrapicus ruber
Scientific Family : Picidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wolimba, wowongoka, wakuda
- Kukula kwake : mainchesi 8-9 ndi yaitali mapiko 16, masentimita makumi awiri ndi awiri, mchira wolimba, mutu waukulu
- Colours : Yakuda, yoyera, yofiira, yonyezimira, imvi, yofiira, yofiirira
- Zizindikiro : Amuna amodzimodzi ndi ofuira ofiira owala omwe amapita kummero ndi kumtunda. Chovala choyera kapena chophwanyika pamunsi mwa ngongole chikhoza kufalikira ku maonekedwe a masharubu pa mbalame zina. Mdima wakuda uli ndi madontho a chikasu pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mapiko akuda ali ndi chigamba choyera cholimba pambali. Mphuno imakhala yoyera, ndipo mimba ndi yachikasu kapena yofiira-yonyezimira. Zovala zogulitsidwa ndi zoyera ndi mizere yakuda. Mchira wokhotakhota uli ndi nthenga zakuda zakuda ndi nthenga zakuda zoyera zakuda. Mimba ya m'munsi ikhoza kuoneka ngati imvi.
Mtundu wautali umatha kusiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana ndi subspecies, ndipo madera a kum'mwera amaoneka oyera kuposa mbalame za kumpoto, makamaka kumbuyo.
Maofesiwa ndi obiriwira kwambiri, ali ndi msuzi wofiira pa nkhope ndi m'mawere. Masharubu oyera amatchulidwa kwambiri pa mbalame zazing'ono.
Zakudya : Sap, tizilombo, zipatso, timadzi tokoma, zipatso ( Onani: Mucivorous )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mitengo imeneyi imakonda nkhalango zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo ya coniferous kapena yosakanikirana, makamaka aspens, ponderosa mapini, spruces ndi mapepala. Omwe amawaika pachifuwa chotchedwa Red-breasted sapsuckers amapezeka chaka chonse pamphepete mwa Nyanja ya Pacific kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Alaska kudutsa pachilumba cha British Columbia ndi ku Vancouver komanso kumadera akutali monga mbali za kumadzulo kwa Washington ndi Oregon komanso kumpoto kwa California.
M'chilimwe, zokolola zawo zimayenda pang'ono kumpoto ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku British Columbia. M'nyengo yozizira, mitengo yamatabwa imeneyi imadutsa kum'mwera chakumwera kwa Nevada, kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Arizona ndi kumpoto kwa Baja.
Zojambula zachilendo sizinkawerengedwa mozama kuposa momwe mbalameyi imayembekezera, kuphatikizapo kummawa monga Texas.
Ngakhale kuti anthu onsewa amapita kumapiri, anthu ambiri amapita kumapiri, ndipo amatha kusamukira kuti asamakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya kumpoto, ngakhale kuti amatha chaka chimodzimodzi.
Zolemba:
Amapanga timatabwa kaŵirikaŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri pokhapokha tikakhala pachibwenzi. Mchitidwe wodalirika ndiwowongoka kwambiri, womwe umakhala ndi khalidwe lobaya. Kawirikawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri,
Makhalidwe:
Mitengo imeneyi imakhala ndekha kapena ingapezeke pawiri. Pokhala kuthawa, iwo ali ndi chitsanzo chosasunthika cha mapiko othamanga kwambiri omwe amalowa mkati mwazidule. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zakudya , kuphatikizapo kufufuza, kukunkha, kuchotsa makungwa kuti akulimbikitse kutaya ndi kuyendetsa ngakhale mabowo omwe angabwererenso kuyamwa ndi tizilombo.
Mbalame zosiyana zimayendera mazitsimewa, kuphatikizapo hummingbirds, zigawenga komanso mitundu ina ya mitengo.
Kubalanso:
Mitengoyi imakhala yokhayokha ndipo nthawi zambiri chisacho chimakhala chokha kapena chazing'ono. Ndi mbalame zam'mlengalenga komanso mwamuna wamwamuna zimapanga malowa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachoka pansi mamita 15 mpaka 1,0. Palibe chida chogwirira ntchito chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma nkhuni zochepa za nkhuni zimakhalabe mumsana pambuyo pa kufukula.
Mazirawo amakhala owala, matte woyera ndipo akhoza kukhala ovundala kapena osakanikirana. Pali mazira 4-7 mwa ana onse , ndipo makolo onsewa amagawana nawo makina okwanira masiku 12-13, ngakhale chiwerengero chenicheni cha kuchulukitsira nthawi nthawi yomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi ali nawo alibe kuphunzira bwino. Pambuyo pazing'amba zazing'ono, onse awiri amadyetsa anapiye masiku 25-29, ndipo mbalame zitatha kuchoka chisa, makolo amapitiriza kupereka chitsogozo pamene anyamatawa amaphunzira kukonkha zitsime zawo.
Ana amodzi okha amakulira chaka chilichonse.
Mitengoyi imakhala yosakanikirana ndi anyani ofiira ndi abambo a chikasu.
Kuwotcha Sapsuckers Osauka Ofiira:
Omwe amapanga nkhuni amatha kupita kumbuyo kumalo kumene kuli chakudya chachikulu cha timadzi tokoma, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mitengo ya zipatso. Mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nsomba zazing'ono zimatha kukopa anyamata otsekemera.
Kusungidwa:
Ngakhale kuti mitengoyi siopsezedwa kapena kuika pangozi, akhala akuzunzidwa monga zirombo zazomera, chifukwa kawirikawiri kutaya bwino mitengo kumatha kupha mitengo. Omwe amawotchedwa Red-breasted sapsuckers tsopano akutetezedwa ku chizunzo chotero, koma ntchito zamatabwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwazing'ono zikuopsezabe chiwerengero chawo chonse cha anthu. Kusunga nkhono ndikofunika kuteteza malo odyetsa.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Red-Naped Sapsucker ( Sphyrapicus nuchalis )
- Sopo-Bellied Sapsucker ( Sphyrapicus varius )
- Wojambula Wamoto ( Melanerpes erythrocephalus )
- Wojambula Wokwera Mzere ( Dryocopus lineatus )
- Sapsucker wa Williamson ( Sphyrapicus thyroideus )
Chithunzi - Sapsucker Yofiira © Dan Magneson / USFWS - Pacific Region