Pamene mbalame zambiri zimaganizira za kusamuka , zimangoganiza za mtundu umodzi - kusuntha kwa mbalame kapena kugwa pakati pa mbalame pakati pa kuswana ndi nyengo yozizira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kusamuka, komabe, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu yonse ya mbalame zomwe zimayenda tsiku ndi tsiku , kuchokera ku mbalame za mbalame mpaka kubakha kupita ku hummingbirds kupita kwa anthu otha msinkhu. Kumvetsetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mbalame zimasamukira zimathandizira mbalame kuti zizindikire bwino momwe zimakhalira kuti zisamuke komanso kuti mbalamezi zimayenda bwino bwanji.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Mbalame Zimasunthira Mosiyana?
Ngakhale kuti pali zochitika zambiri za kusamukira kumene osamvetsetseka, ornithologists amavomereza kuti mbalame zimasamukira kumalo kuti zikhale ndi moyo. Izi zingatanthawuze kupeza njira zabwino zothandizira kubereka bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana za chakudya kapena kusamukira ku malo oyenera nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Monga momwe mbalame zili ndi zifukwa zosiyana zoyendayenda, zimakhalanso ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayendera maulendowa. Mbalame zina zimatha kukhala ndi maola ochuluka paulendo umodzi wautali wothamanga, pamene ena amatenga maulendo afupikitsa ndikupita kutali. Komabe, mbalame zina zingagwiritse ntchito nyengo zosiyana kapena mphepo kuti zithandize kusamuka. Mbalame zina zimayenda ndi zizindikiro, pamene ena angagwiritse ntchito nyenyezi kapena zizindikiro zina zakuthambo pofuna kupeza njira yawo. Ndi zosiyana zambiri momwe mbalame zimasamukira komanso momwe zimasamukira, sizidabwitsa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusamuka.
Mbalame 12 Zosiyanasiyana Kusamuka
Ngakhale mbalame zenizeni zomwe zimagwira nawo njira zosiyana siyana zimatha kumasulira ndipo zingasinthe pang'onopang'ono pamene kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kumasinthika, kuthamangitsidwa kumeneku kumaphatikizapo:
- Nyengo : Izi zimadziŵika bwino komanso zimafala kwambiri kusamuka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, monga momwe mbalame zimasinthira pakati pa mabala oswana ndi osabereka. Kutalika kwa nthawi zosamukira kumakhala nthawi ya masika ndi kugwa, ngakhale m'madera ena kusintha pakati pa nyengo yamvula ndi youma ndi zizindikiro zoyendayenda.
- Latitudinal : Kusamukira kumeneku kuli pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera komanso mosiyana. Ichi ndi mtundu wochuluka wosamuka ndi anthu ambiri omwe amachokera ku neotropic . Malangizo enieni a kusamukira kumakhala kawirikawiri ndi malo, koma monga mapiri ndi malo omwe alipo.
- Longitudinal : Mofanana ndi kusuntha kutsogolo, mtundu uwu umasintha pakati pa kutalika kwalitali kuchokera kum'maŵa mpaka kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo. Uwu ndiwo mtundu wamba wa kusamukira kwa mbalame zambiri ku Ulaya, kumene malo amtunduwu amalimbikitsa mbalame kuti zisunthire kutalika mmalo mwake.
- Zotsatira : Mbalame zomwe zimabereka kumapiri ataliatali zimasonyezera kutuluka m'mlengalenga. Kusamuka kwa mtundu umenewu ndiko kusunthira kutentha m'nyengo yozizira, pamene nyengo yovuta ndi chipale chofewa chingapangitse kukhala pamwamba pazitali zosatheka. Mbalame zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kusunthira m'mlengalenga sizingayende bwino, koma masentimita ochepa okha amatha kusintha kusiyana kwa malo.
- Mng'oma : Mbalame zomwe zimatsatira mzere wa pachaka ndizomwe zimasamukira alendo. Kusamukira kumeneku kumaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zosiyana komanso zosiyana siyana, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, rufous hummingbirds amatha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'nyengo yopuma kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Alaska koma amagwiritsa ntchito mphepo yam'mapiri kumapiri a kum'mwera. Kusunthira mvula kumatchulidwanso ndi nyanja zambiri zam'mphepete mwa nyanja pamene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi kayendedwe ka mphepo kuti zithandize kuthawa kwawo.
- Nomadic : Kusunthika kumeneku sikungadziwikire ndipo kungakhale kolakwika malinga ndi chakudya ndi madzi omwe alipo. Mbalame zam'nyanja zimakonda kukhala zofanana koma zingakhale zosachokera kumalo osiyanasiyana pamene chuma chikusowa koma chidzabwerera pamene malo amakhala abwino. Mitundu ya mbalame zomwe zimasunthira pambali zimaphatikizapo zitsamba zam'madzi , phainopeplas, zinsomba zamphongo ndi swans wakuda.
- Zosokoneza : Mbalame zowonongeka sizingadziŵikeke koma zimasamukira mochititsa chidwi zomwe zimabweretsa mbalame zambiri kumadera osazolowereka, kawirikawiri m'nyengo yozizira. Mosiyana ndi nthiti, mbalame zowonongeka zingapezeke kutali kwambiri ndi zigawo zomwe zimayendera panthawi yomwe amasamuka, koma chifukwa chake ndi chimodzimodzi - kufunafuna chakudya choyenera ndi madzi. Mitundu ya mbalame zosamuka zomwe zikuwonetsa zowonongeka zimaphatikizapo ziphuphu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana , ma grosbeaks a madzulo, nsomba zam'madzi ndi zikopa za chipale chofewa.
- Osabalalitsa : Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sizingatengeke, kusakaza mbalame ndi kosayembekezereka komanso nyengo, ngakhale kamodzi pachaka. Panthawi imeneyi, mbalame zazing'ono zimakakamizika kuchoka ku malo awo othawa ndipo zimayenera kufufuza malo awo monga makolo awo akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mofanana. Izi zimakhala zachilendo pakati pa mbalame zomwe zimakhala mchaka chimodzi ndipo zimateteza madera awo chaka chonse, monga opalasa matabwa.
- Mphuno Yam'madzi : Kutupa frog kapena kuchoka kusamuka ndi njira yapadera imene anthu akummwera amatha kupita kutali kwambiri kuti ayambe kudutsa pamtunda wa mitundu yofanana. Zonsezi zimakhala pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa ndi nyengo yozizira, koma anthu omwe sagwirizana nawo samangosakaniza.
- Kubwereza : Kusunthira kusunthira ndi kutaya mbalame zosamuka. Kawirikawiri imawoneka m'dzinja pamene mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kusokonezeka kapena kusokonezeka ndipo mmalo mwa kusamukira njira yomwe ikuyembekezeka kupita kumbali ina. Mbalame zotayikazi zimatha ngati malo othawa kutali ndi malo awo. Izi sizikuwoneka ndi mbalame zambiri koma zimakhala ndi anthu okhaokha komanso zozizwitsa zokhazokha, zina zomwe zingakhale zodabwitsa kwambiri.
- Mulu : Mbalame zina zimasamukira kumalo kuti zikakhale ndi nyengo yozizira ya pachaka. Pakati pa kusuntha kwa mbalame, mbalame zimachoka pamtunda wokhala ndi chitetezo, zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka komanso zitha kuthawa, ngakhale panthawi yochepa yopanda ndege. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa molt, iwo adzabwerera kuzinthu zawo zachizolowezi mosasamala nyengo kapena kuswana. Chodabwitsa ichi chikupezeka pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakha koma si zachilendo ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
- Kuwongolera : Kusamukira kumalo osasunthika ndi zosavuta koma zoyembekezeka kwambiri zomwe mbalame zambiri zimayembekezera kuziwona. Zikachitika, mbalame zambiri zosamuka zimachoka m'misewu yawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakankhidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Izi zingabweretse zochitika zochititsa chidwi za kugwa ndi zozizwitsa za mbalame zambiri.
Mbalame zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri yosamuka, kaya mwadala kapena mwangozi. Mbalame zomwe zimamvetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendayenda zimatha kuzindikira mosavuta pamene kusamukira kudakalipo ndikukonzekera maulendo awo okayenda kuti apindule ndi mwayi wopenya.