Wachimwene Wachimwambamwamba

by Melissa Mayntz

Vermivora chrysoptera

Anthu oterewa omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chocheperachepera kwambiri, omwe amamenyana ndi mbalame za golidi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri kwa mbalame za ku North America. Mbalame zokongola, zimadziwika mosavuta pamene zikuwoneka bwino, koma chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwakukulu, mbalame zofanana zimatha kusokoneza kuti zikhale zosiyana.

Dzina Loyamba: Wopambana Winged Warbler

Dzina la sayansi : Vermivora chrysoptera

Scientific Family : Parulidae

Maonekedwe:

Bill : Zakale ndi zochepa, zowoneka bwino, zakuda pa amuna ndi imvi pa akazi
Kukula kwake : 4.75-5 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a mapaundi 8, bili yayitali, mchira, osati kumanga
Mabala : Oda, oyera, achikasu, imvi
Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi korona wonyezimira, mazira wakuda ndi chida chakuda chakuda, komanso chida chakuda ndi khosi. Zojambula za nkhopezi zimasiyana molimba ndi diso loyera ndi mkanjo woyera . Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbuyo, kumbuyo ndi kuthamanga ndi imvi, ndipo maulendowa amawoneka oyera pamadzi. Mapiko akuda ali ndi chikasu choyera. Maso akuda, ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndi mdima. Amuna ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana koma ndizosawerengeka, ali ndi imvi mmalo mwa mdima wakuda, auriculars ndi mmero. Amuna amatha kusonyeza chikasu chochepa pa korona ndi mapiko, koma mtundu wonsewo ukhoza kusinthika.

Ofunira amafanana ndi akuluakulu koma ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa.

Mitundu ndi ya monotypic.

Zakudya : Mbozi, akangaude, mphutsi, tizilombo ( Onani: Zosokoneza )

Habita ndi Kusamukira:

Otsutsawa amakonda malo osokonezeka, omwe amakhala ngati malire, minda, zinyama, zithaphwi, nkhumba, malo otsetsereka ndi madera okwera . Ngakhale kuti malo ochepa okhwimitsa okhutira amatha kuswana, atangoyamba kumene kutuluka chisa, anyamatawa amatha kusamukira ku madera omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango zambiri zotseguka.

M'nyengo yozizira m'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimapezeka m'malo abwino okhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Manitoba mpaka kumpoto kwa Minnesota ndi Wisconsin kum'maŵa mpaka kumwera kwa Ottawa, New York ndi Vermont, komanso ku Michigan. Kubeletsa kwawo kumapitanso kumapiri a Appalachian kumbali yakumwera kum'maŵa kwa Tennessee, kumadzulo kwa North Carolina ndi kumpoto kwa Georgia, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri a ku Appalachi amachotsedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimenezi zimasamukira ku Central America kuchokera ku Belize ndi Guatemala kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto kwa South America kumpoto kwa Colombia ndi kum'mawa kwa Venezuela. Nkhondo zokhudzana ndi mapiko a golidi amatha kutentha kwambiri ku Cuba, Puerto Rico ndi ku Cayman Islands.

Nthaŵi zina maulendo achilendo amawombera kumadzulo kuposa momwe amayembekezerekera, ngakhale m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, komanso m'madera ena a ku Caribbean. Mayiko ambiri amawoneka nthawi ya kusamuka.

Zolemba:

Nkhondo zankhondo zamphongo za golidi ndi oimba achikulire kumayambiriro kwa masika pamene iwo amafunsa malo ndipo amayesetsa kukopa okwatirana. Nyimbo yowonjezereka ndi yowonongeka mwatsatanetsatane yotsatiridwa ndi katatu, kutulutsa "tip" manotsi. Nyimboyi imatenga masekondi 3-4, ndipo ikhoza kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza pamene wamwamuna amatha kufotokozera mphamvu zake.

Makhalidwe:

Nkhondozi zimakhala ndi timagulu ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimangowonongeka pamene zimakolola tizilombo kuchokera ku masamba ndi nthambi, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kapena pakati pa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Pamene akuuluka pakati pa mitengo, kuthawa kwawo kuli ndi ubweya wamtundu, ndipo amuna amatha kukankhira mwamphamvu kapena ngakhale kukangana nawo pa nyengo yobereka.

Kubalanso:

Izi ndi mbalame zosagwirizana . Mkaziyo amamanga chisa chooneka ngati chikho pansi, nthawi zambiri pamunsi mwa mtengo kapena zobisika ndi udzu wobiridwa, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba, makungwa ndi udzu ndikugona mkati mwa kapu ndi tsitsi kapena ubweya. Mazira owoneka ngati ovunda amachokera ku pinki yoyera kapena yobiriwira kupita ku pinki yotumbululuka, ndipo amadziwika ndi mabala aang'ono kapena a lilac kapena splotches. Pali mazira 4-7 pa ana aliwonse, ndipo ana amodzi okha amakulira chaka chilichonse.

Mkaziyo amachititsa mazira masiku 10, ndipo atatha kuthamanga kwa achinyamata, onse awiri amadyetsa anapiye kwa masiku 9-10 mpaka atakonzeka kuchoka chisa.

Otsutsana ndi mapiko a golide nthaŵi zonse amawombera ndi zigawenga zamapiko a buluu, ndipo amapanga ana osiyana omwe amatchedwa Brewster's warblers. Ana amenewo amatha kusakanikirana ndi zigawenga zina zamitundu yambiri zagolide, ndipo mbalame kuchokera m'badwo uwu wachitatu ndizo zankhondo za Lawrence. Nkhumbazi sizinthu zosiyana, ndipo iliyonse imasonyeza mphamvu koma zosazindikiritsa za zigawenga za mapiko a golide.

Otsutsawa amatha kukhala ndi ana a mbalame zofiirira .

Otsutsana ndi Ankhondo Omenya Nkhalango:

Mbalamezi si mbalame zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo ndipo sizikonda kupita kumbuyo, koma kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komwe kungathetsepo chakudya kungathandize kukopa mbalamezi. Angathe kudwalitsa tsamba la masamba, ndipo amamvera zowonongeka , makamaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yobereketsa pamene amuna ali okwiya kwambiri. Mitengo ya mbalameyi ikukula pang'ono kumpoto, ndipo mbalame zam'nyanja zomwe zimayesetsa kupanga mtundu wa malo osokoneza anthu omwe amamenyana nawo amatha kupambana.

Kusungidwa:

Anthu okwera mapiko okwera golide afupika ndi 75 peresenti m'zaka 50 zapitazi, ndipo mbalamezi zikuwonetsedwa kuti zatsala pang'ono kuopsezedwa, ngakhale kuti zisanawonongeke. Kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ndi ma genetic kuchokera ku kuswana kwa mbeu ndi kusakaniza kumawopseza msilikali uyu, koma mbalame za kumbuyo zimatha kuthandiza osati kuteteza malo okhala pakhomo, komanso kuthandizira kumera kwa khofi ndi kakale ku Central America kumene mbalamezi zimathera nthawi yachisanu.

Mbalame zofanana:

Wopambana ndi Wachiphuphu Wachizungu ( Vermivora pinus )
Gray Wagtail ( Motacilla cinerea )
Common Yellowthroat ( Geothlypis trichas )
Bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola )