Picoides scalaris
Kawirikawiri m'madera ouma a kumpoto kwa America, nsonga yamatabwa yamakwerero ndikum'mwera chakumadzulo kwasankhulidwe kowonongeka kwambiri. Zing'onozing'ono komanso zogwira ntchito, izi ndi zosavuta kuona mitengo, koma zingakhale zovuta kudziwa chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi mitundu ina ndi kusiyana kwa magulu ena.
Dzina Loyamba: Mtengo Wotchedwa Woodedecker, Wachikuta Wachibadi, Wopanga Mtengo wa Texas, Wokonza Mapiri a Baird, Sanberando Wojambula Mapanga, San Lucas Woodpecker
Dzina la sayansi : Picoides scalaris (nthawi zina Dryobates scalaris )
Scientific Family : Picidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wowongoka, wolimba, wakuda, wamphongo pang'ono pa amuna
- Kukula : 7.25 mainchesi yaitali ndi mapiko a 11-12-inch mapiko, mapiko ambiri, mchira wolimba
- Mabala : Adawa, akuyera, akuda, akuda, amafiira
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi nkhope yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mphuno ndi nape zimakhala zakuda ndipo zingasonyeze kutuluka, ndipo korona ndi yofiira koma ingasonyeze kutsogolo kutsogolo. Mphepete ikugwedezeka. Pamwamba ndi mapiko aletsedwa wakuda ndi woyera, ndipo chiphuphu chimakhala chakuda. Nthenga zazikulu za mchira zimakhala zakuda, nthenga za mchira zamkati ndi zoyera ndi mipiringidzo yakuda. Mafutawa amatha kuchoka poyera ndikuwonetsa malo ozizira, makamaka pamimba ndi pamimba. Zovala zogulitsa zimakhala zoyera ndi mipiringidzo yakuda. Akazi ali ofanana ndi amuna koma ali ndi korona wakuda ndi nkhope yoyera. Kwa amuna ndi akazi onse, maso ndi a mdima ndipo miyendo ndi miyendo ndi imvi.
Anthu oyenerera amafanana ndi mbalame zazikulu. Anyamata awiri ali ndi zofiira zofiira mu korona, ngakhale kuti zofiira sizing'onozing'ono kusiyana ndi amuna okhwima owonetsa.
Zakudya : Tizilombo, mphutsi, zipatso, zipatso, timadzi tokoma ( Onani: Zosokoneza )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mitengo yaing'ono yamatabwayi imakonda malo ouma ndipo imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madera akumidzi . Kaŵirikaŵiri amawoneka m'madera omwe ali ndi zomera zochepa kapena kukula, ndipo amapezeka m'matauni ndi m'midzi.
Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsonga zadothi ndi omwe amakhala m'mudzi wawo wonse. Amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Nevada ndi kum'maŵa kwa California, kum'mwera kwa Arizona ndi New Mexico, komanso kumadzulo kwa Texas. Kum'mwera, mbalamezi zimadutsa ku Mexico mpaka kummwera kwa chilumba cha Yucatan. Anthu ochepa amapezeka ku Central America kum'mwera monga Belize, Honduras ndi Nicaragua.
Zolemba:
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi "peek" kapena "pik" yolembera, komanso ndondomeko yovuta, yomwe imathamanga kwambiri pamapeto pake. Kuwomba kwachidule kumveka mofulumira komanso kofulumira, kumatha masekondi 1-2 ndi kupasuka.
Makhalidwe:
Mitengo ya nkhuniyi imakhala yokha kapena iwiri mwa awiri, ngakhale mabanja ang'onoang'ono angakhale pamodzi kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu pamene mbalame zazing'ono zimakula. Nthawi yodyera, akazi amatha kukwera m'mamasamba, pamene amuna amakhala otsika ndipo amatha kulimba pansi pa nyerere. Mitengo ya nkhuniyi sichimafukula nthawi zambiri pamene ikudya, koma imakokolola, kusonkhanitsa, kupopera kapena kufufuza pofuna kupeza tizilombo . Kuthamanga kwawo ndi njira yosautsa yowonongeka, ndipo akangokwiya, amuna amatha kukweza nthenga zawo za korona kukhala zochepa.
Kubalanso:
Izi ndi mbalame zosagwirizana . Monga malo osambira , amafukula malo oyenera a chisa m'mtengo wakufa kapena nthambi kapena cactus yaikulu kapena yotentha monga saguaro kapena agave.
Zolowera za nest zimakhala pafupifupi mamita atatu kuchokera pansi, ndipo amuna ambiri amafukula ngakhale akazi athandiza.
Mbalame zoyera zimakhala zooneka ngati zofiira, ndipo zimakhala mazira 2-7 pa mwana aliyense. Makolo awiri onsewa amagwira nawo ntchito yobwezeretsa masiku 12-13, ndipo atatha kupha achinyamata, onse awiri amapitiriza kudyetsa anapiye masiku 20-25. Ana amodzi okha amakulira chaka chilichonse.
Nthawi zina mitengo yamatabwa yamtunduwu imasakanizana ndi opalasa matabwa a Nuttall kapena mitengo yamitengo yaubweya m'madera omwe mitundu ya zamoyo zimapezeka. Kusakanizidwa uku kungapangitse chizindikiro cholondola chifukwa zolemba sizidziwika bwino.
Zojambula Zojambula Zowonongeka:
Mitengoyi imayenda mofulumira kumbuyo kumbuyo komwe imakhala ndi madzi odalirika omwe amawakopa, monga kasupe wamadzi osambira .
Iwo adzachezeranso odyetsa chakudya cha suet, kapu ya batala ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Kuchepetsa tizilombo kungathandize kupereka chakudya chokwanira kwa okonza nkhunizi, ndipo zitsamba za mabulosi zingakhale zabwino zazing'ono za chakudya. Kulola mbadwa za cacti kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu zingakopere kumatope omwe ali kumbuyo. Mitengo yakufa iyenera kuloledwa kuyima ngati n'kotheka kupereka malo ena odyera komanso malo odyetserako mwayi.
Kusungidwa:
Mitengo ya nkhuniyi siidakopedwa kapena kuika pangozi. Chiwerengero chawo chimakhala chokhazikika, ngakhale anthu ena a ku Texas akuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo. Kusunga malo ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kungathandize kuteteza nkhuni zamatabwa.
Mbalame zofanana:
- Wolemba Woodtecker ( Picoides nuttallii )
- Wojambula ku Arizona ( Picoides arizonae )
- Wolemba Wooden ( Picoides pubescens )
- Mtengo Wofiira Wofiira ( Picoides borealis )