Kummawa Kum'mawa

by Melissa Mayntz

Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Mpheta yaikulu, yamtundu wa kum'mwera, inayamba kuimbidwa limodzi ndi kumadzulo kwake, kumadzulo kwa towhee. Pamene mbalame ziwirizi zimakhala ndi zikhalidwe zambiri, mndandanda wawo wosiyanasiyana ndi zizindikiro zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame iliyonse.

Dzina Loyamba: Kum'maŵa Kumtunda, Ground Robin, Wopusa-Wotsutsana

Dzina la sayansi : Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Scientific Family : Emberizidae

Maonekedwe:

Bill : mawonekedwe okongoletsera omwe ali pamwamba pamtambo wapamwamba, woyenera , wakuda
Kukula kwake : mainchesi 7 mpaka 8 ndi mapiko a mapazi 10-11-inch, build build, chifuwa chachikulu, mchira wautali
Mabala : Adawa, oyera, dzimbiri, zofiirira, zofiira, zofiira
Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu. Amuna ali ndi chimbudzi chakuda chomwe chimakwirira mutu, kumbuyo ndi mmafu , kutsika pansi pa chifuwa mu U-kapena V-mawonekedwe. Chigamba choyera pamunsi mwa nthenga zazikulu pamapiko akuda, ndipo nyemba yaing'ono kapena yoyera imawonekeranso ku nthenga zazikulu. Mchira wakuda uli ndi ngodya zoyera zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuuluka. Mphepete mwace muli amitundu yolimba, ndipo mimba imakhala yoyera. Zovala zogulitsidwa zimagwedezeka kapena dzimbiri lopanda kanthu. Azimayi ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana, koma ndi bulamu wa sinamoni wofiira kumene amuna amdima, ndipo amasonyeza kuti ndi oyera kwambiri pamapiko. Kwa anyamata onse, maso ali ofiira, ngakhale mbalame za kummwera chakumpoto zili ndi maso ndipo anthu a Florida amakhala ndi maso oyera. Miyendo ndi mapazi ndi zotumbululuka.

Zithunzi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri komanso zowonongeka, makamaka pamunsi ndi kumbuyo, ndipo ndalama zawo zimakhala zosawerengeka.

Zakudya : Tizilombo, mbozi, tirigu, mtedza, amphibiyani, zipatso, masamba, mbewu ( Onani: Omnivorous )

Habita ndi Kusamukira:

Mbalamezi zimakonda malo osungirako zinthu monga malo omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango komanso m'madera okongola a m'mphepete mwa nyanja , ndipo amapezeka m'madera otentha kapena osakanikirana komanso okwera mamita 6,500.

Anthu a Kum'maŵa a Kum'maŵa akukhala kumidzi ya kum'mwera kwa United States, kuchokera ku Florida mpaka kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kummawa kwa Massachusetts, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Pennsylvania, kumwera kwa Ohio, kumwera kwa Iowa ndi kum'maŵa kwa Kansas. M'nyengo yotentha yotentha, imafalikira kumpoto kumtunda kwa Ottawa komanso ku Michigan, Wisconsin ndi Minnesota mpaka kumwera kwa Manitoba ndi kum'maŵa kwa Nebraska. M'nyengo yozizira, kumwera kwenikweni kwa kum'mawa kwa towhee kumafalikira kumadzulo pang'ono kumadera akummawa a Texas ndi Oklahoma.

Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimawonekera kumadzulo kwa mbalamezi, komanso kumpoto kwa Newfoundland. Ku Britain kwadzidzidzi kwambiri.

Zolemba:

Mbalamezi zili ndi nyimbo zomveka bwino zoimbira mliri ndi zida zowonongeka pamapeto. Nyimbo ya 2 yachiwiri imayimilidwa ndi "zakumwa-tiyi" mnemonic. Mphindi, mofulumira tu-heee kuyitanidwa ndiwowonjezereka, ndipo ali ndi vuto lochepa kumapeto kwa kuyitana.

Makhalidwe :

Izi ndi mbalame zokhazokha zomwe zimakonda kukhalabe phokoso, ngakhale amuna amatha kusankha zoimba poimba, makamaka mu kasupe pamene akudandaula kuti ali ndi malo ndi kukwatira okwatirana. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, maulendo a kum'maŵa amatha kukhala awiri awiri pamene akudyetsa, koma amuna akhoza kukonda amuna ena ndipo angagwiritse ntchito zoopsa zosiyanasiyana kuti asonyeze mphamvu zawo.

Pamene mbalamezi zimadya, mbalamezi zimagwiritsa ntchito nsana yam'mbuyo kuti zichotse masamba kapena zotsamba zina ndikuwonetsa mbewu ndi tizilombo. Akagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amagwira mchira wawo.

Kubalanso:

Mbalamezi ndi mbalame zokhazokha zomwe zimawoneka ngati mzimayi amakoka mkazi pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wake, ngakhale amatha kum'thamangitsa poyamba pang'onopang'ono atamuvomereza. Mkaziyo amamanga chisa chooneka ngati chikho pogwiritsa ntchito timitengo, udzu, rootlets ndi mabichi a makungwa, akuphimba chikho chamkati ndi zipangizo zabwino. Chisa chikhoza kumangidwa pansi kapena pansi pa shrub, zomwe sizingafike pamtunda kuposa mamita asanu, ngakhale zisa zapamwamba zinalembedwa.

Mazira owoneka ngati ovunda ndi otumbululuka, oyera kapena ofewa ofewa komanso amawonekedwe ofiira ndi bulauni, ofiira-bulauni kapena imvi zomwe zingakhale zofiira kwambiri pamphepete mwa chipolopolocho.

Pali mazira 2 mpaka 6 pa mazira, ndipo mazira amawombera mazira masiku 12-13. Pambuyo pazing'ono zazing'ono, makolo onse amadyetsa anapiye masiku khumi ndi awiri. Awiri amodzi amatha kukweza ana 1-3 chaka chilichonse, ndipo ana ambiri amapezeka kumadera akum'mwera a kum'mawa kwa towhee.

Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi magulu ambiri omwe amawunikira mazira a mbalame zamphongo zofiira , ndipo malo awo amatha kudumphadumpha ndi mawonekedwe aatali m'mapiri a Great Plains.

Kukopa Kum'mawa Kum'mawa:

Pamene mbalamezi zimabisala, zimabwera kumalo osungirako mbalame zomwe zimapatsa malo okhala ndi zitsamba, udzu ndi mabulosi achibwibwi, makamaka ngati chomera ngati mchenga chimakhala ndi tchire . Akhoza kupita kumalo odyetsa pansi kapena akuluakulu otsika patsiku ngati akusowa chimanga , milo, mapira, oats kapena mapeyala. Madzi osambira angathandizenso kukopa maulendo a kum'maŵa, ndipo amawongolera mosavuta masamba.

Kusungidwa:

Ngakhale mbalamezi sizikuwopsedwa kapena kuika pangozi, anthu awo akuchepa, makamaka kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa gawo lawo. Kupitiliza chitukuko cha nthaka chomwe chimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo akukhulupilira kuti ndicho chomwe chikupangitsa kuchepetsa uku, ndipo kudyetsa mowonjezereka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amachotsa chakudya chakummawa kwa towhee ndi vuto.

Mbalame zofanana:

Kuthamangitsidwa Kwambiri ( Pipilo maculatus )
American Robin ( Turdus migratorius )
Kutchova njuga ( Fringilla montifringilla )
Chimanga cha Oricha ( Icterus spurius )
Dark-Eyed Junco ( Chikachika Hyemalis )