Catawba Rhododendron, PJM Rhododendron, ndi Zina Zodabwitsa za Azalea Zomera
Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kusiyana kwa azaleas ndi rhododendron? Malangizowa adzaperekedwa m'munsimu kuti mukhoze "kulondola" mukamagula kumunda wamaluwa. Koma tiyeni tiyambe kukambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba zodabwitsa; Tidzakambirana ndi momwe tingakulire.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yotchuka ya Rhododendron
Mitundu ya Catawba rhododendron ( Rhododendron catawbiense ) ndiwotchire, chitsamba chobiriwira chomwe chili ndi mdima wonyezimira, masamba obiriwira, komanso maluwa okongola omwe amakondweretsa mbalame zam'mimba .
Chomera ichi chimakhala chosavuta kuikiranso, koma chimakhala ndi nthaka yamchere ndipo imakonda malo amdima. Maluwa akhoza kukhala oyera, lavender rose kapena wofiira omwe hummingbirds amakonda.
Madera a Catawba a rhododendron akhoza kufika kutalika kwa mamita asanu ndi limodzi, ndi kufalikira kwa mamita 4 mpaka 6. Zojambula zimagwira ntchito kwambiri pamene tchire la rhododendron liphwanyidwa palimodzi. Izi ndi zomera zowononga , choncho musalole kuti ana adye gawo lililonse la mbeu ku azaleas kapena rhododendrons. Zinalembedwa m'madera odzala a USDA 4-8, iwo amapezeka kumwera kwa Appalachians ("Virginia kudutsa Georgia," malinga ndi NC State Extension). A England atsopano akufunafuna mtundu wamtundu wa dera lawo adzakhala ndi chidwi ndi Rhododendron canadense , otchedwa "Rhodora azalea."
PJM rhododendron ( Rhododendron x 'PJM') ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za mphuno, posamalira osati kuzizira komanso kutenthetsa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ndi chimodzi mwa anthu omwe amakula kwambiri. Mitundu ya PJM imapezeka ndi pinkish-lavender kapena maluwa oyera. Chifukwa chakuti maluwa amayamba msanga, maluwa amatha kuvulazidwa ndi chisanu. Masamba a chitsamba ichi ndi ofiira. Mtengo wa masamba ake a chilimwe umabala mtundu wa mahogany m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe ndi yowonjezera kwa iwo amene akufuna chidwi chodzaza chaka chonse pamtunda .
Maluwa a PJM rhododendrons ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa a Catawba rhododendron. Ukulu wa PJM rhododendron ndi wochepa kwambiri, chifukwa umatha kufika mamita asanu ndi atatu pa kukula. Kukula mmagawo 4-8. PJM (omwe ali oyambirira a mmodzi wa opanga mankhwala a hybrid, Peter J. Mezitt) ndi chisankho chabwino chokhazikitsa maziko ndi minda yaikulu yamwala .
Azaleas Ndi Maluwa Ofiira, Achimake, ndi Golide
The Stewartstonian azalea ( Rhododendron x Gable 'Stewartstonian') ili ndi maluwa ofiira. Ndizomera zobiriwira zowonjezera m'madera 5-8. Kukula kwake kuli pafupi mamita asanu ndi asanu. Amamera bwino mumthunzi wina ndipo, monga ambiri azalea ndi rhododendron, mu nthaka yamchere, yosalala bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito mulch kuti mupulumutse mizu yake yosaya madzi ndi kutaya kwambiri kutentha kwa nthaka.
Yopangidwa ndi Joseph Gable wa Stewartstown, Pennsylvania, anthu sangaoneke ngati akupanga malingaliro awo pa malembo a dzina lake. Mudzawoneka kuti "Stewartstonian" ndi "Stewartsonian". Ichi ndi chitsamba china chomwe masamba ake a chilimwe amachokera ku mtundu wa mahogany m'nyengo yozizira, kuti ukhale wosankha bwino nyengo yachinayi pa bwalo. Ndichinthu china chabwino chokhazikitsa maziko osungirako maziko chifukwa chokhala chomera chophweka.
Mosiyana ndi Stewartstonian azaleas ndi ma rhododendrons awiri omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, zitsanzo ziwiri zotsatirazi za azaleas ndi zitsamba zakuda :
Gibraltar imatulutsa maluwa ambirimbiri olemera a lalanje. Ikhoza kukula mpaka kufika mamita asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo imafalikira pang'ono pang'ono kuposa iyo. Onse a Gibraltar ( Rhododendron 'Gibraltar') ndi Golden Oriole ( Rhododendron 'Golden Oriole') amafuna kuti akule:
- Mu dzuwa lopanda pake.
- M'nthaka yamchere, yosalala bwino.
- Zigawo 5-8.
Golden Oriole akhoza kufika kutalika kwa mamita 6 ndi kupitirira kwa mamita 4 mpaka 6. Maluwa ake ndi lalanje, koma akamatsegula amaonetsa kuwala, golide.
Rhododendrons vs. Azaleas
Tsopano tiyeni tione kusiyana kwa azaleas ndi rhododendrons. Kusiyanitsa ndi mphindi, koma ndi chimodzi chomwe chavutitsa ena a zimphona mu botani.
Zingakuvutitseni ngati muli chidziwitso chifukwa mawuwo akhoza kusokoneza.
Ndipo poti mudzapeza mawuwa pamene mukugula m'minda yosamalira mbewu, zingakhale zothandiza kuti musokonezeke musanagule chomera.
Kusokonezeka kumamveka chifukwa zomera za azalea ndi ma rhododendron zimagwirizana. All azaleas ndi Rhododendrons (onaninso likulu R), koma osati onse a Rhododendron ndi azaleas. Anasokonezekabe? Chabwino, inu muli pa gulu labwino, kampani yomwe ili ndi wasayansi wotchuka, Linnaeus . Linnaeus ndi munthu yemwe anatipatsa ife sayansi yolemba zomera zomwe timagwiritsabe ntchito mpaka lero.
Kufotokozera kwotsatira kwa mayina a sayansi motsutsana ndi mayina odziwika, kumbukirani kuzindikira ngati "Rhododendron" kapena "rhododendron" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mmodzi amagwiritsa ntchito likulu R kuti lizitanthawuze ku mtundu wa zomera ndi kachilombo kochepa kuti alembere ku gawo lina la mtundu umenewo.
Mtunduwu, Rhododendron uli m'banjamo, yomwe imaphatikizapo mayina ake, nthenga ndi zitsamba zamphongo, kuphatikizapo buluu, mabomba, ndi mapiri . Ambiri mwa mamembala a banja la heath akusowa nthaka yosavuta yomwe ikukula. Mukakhala ndi dothi lachilengedwe lokhazikika m'bwalo lanu, ndikosavuta kumangokula zomera zokonda asidi m'malo moyesera kusintha pH mlingo wa nthaka yanu.
Lembani Chisokonezo Chakudziwika pa Linnaeus
Linnaeus anakhazikitsa mtunduwu, Rhododendron mu 1753. Linnaeus 'kutchula dongosolo linakhazikitsa "Azalea" ngati mtundu wosiyana. Koma posakhalitsa adatchulidwa ndi asayansi ena kuti zomera za azalea ziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Rhododendron mtundu, osati mtundu wawo wonse.
Mu 1834 wasayansi wina, George Don anakonza Linnaeus pamfundo iyi. Anathyola mtunduwu, Rhododendron pansi pa magulu asanu ndi atatu, opangidwa ndi mitundu yambiri. The azaleas amapanga awiriwa magulu (zowonjezera green azalea ndi tchire azalea).
Kotero ngati muwerenga dzina la sayansi la azalea (pa tsamba lachitsulo pa ana aang'ono, mwachitsanzo), mudzawona mawu, Rhododendron . Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zomera za azalea zimakhala za mtundu wa Rhododendron , ndipo mawu oti "azalea" amatanthauza dzina lachidziwichi.
Koma palinso mamembala a mtundu uwu omwe ali "rhododendrons" okhaokha (onaninso pamunsimu "r"). Zaka zaposachedwapa "rhododendron" yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa makamaka monga dzina lodziwika kwa zomera zomwe ziri mu mtundu, Rhododendron yomwe ili ndi masamba akuluakulu, ofewa, masamba obiriwira (monga Catawba ndi PJM omwe atchulidwa kale). Masamba pa zomera za azalea amakhala ochepa, poyerekeza. Pakati penipeni, iwo, mafaniziro a kukula kwa masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawana magawano ena: omwe, pakati pa masamba akulu ndi tsamba laling'ono.
Ndiye mungathe bwanji kudziwa a azalea, mosiyana ndi nkhono? Pafupipafupi (koma pali zosiyana), rhododendrons ndi zazikulu zotsamba kusiyana ndi zomera za azalea, ndipo ali ndi masamba akuluakulu. Ndiponso, ambiri azalea maluwa ali asanu stamens, pamene rhododendron maluwa ali khumi stamens. Zomwe zimakhala "maluwa" a maluwa ndi zimbudzi zochepa zomwe zimatulutsa kunja (ndizo maluwa ammimba ndi kubereka mungu). Potsirizira pake, mosiyana ndi rhododendrons, zomera zambiri za azalea zimakhala zovuta.
Malo
Kubzala azaleas ndi rhododendrons pamalo otayika ndi pang'ono mthunzi, kumene nthaka imakhala yowonongeka bwino, ndi sitepe yoyenera mu chisamaliro chawo. Ngakhale kuti amadziwika ngati zitsamba zomwe zimamera mumthunzi (mthunzi wofiira, makamaka), mitundu ina idzalekerera (kapena kukonda) dzuwa lonse ngati lipatsidwa madzi okwanira. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera 5 ndi 6, mukhoza kukula Stewartstonian mtundu pamalo omwe amalandira dzuwa lambiri m'mawa ndi masana, ali ndi mthunzi pang'ono madzulo, malinga ngati mupatsa madzi okwanira.
PH ya nthaka ikhale pafupifupi 5.5; Dothi lanu la munda liyesedwe poyamba musanadzale azaleas ndi rhododendron. Nthaka yambiri yamchere imatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza omwe akuwerengedwa kuti ndi "zomera zokonda acid". Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi ammonium-N, omwe amachepetsa nthaka pH .
Zosowa za Nthaka
Zitsambazi zimafuna madzi abwino. Ngati malo anu alibe madzi abwino, yesetsani kubzala azaleas ndi rhododendrons m'mabedi okwera m'munda. Sinthani nthaka ndi zinthu zakuthupi, kapena mugwiritsire ntchito manyowa. Nthawi yowalidwa ya zomera zowonongeka ndi yochepetsedwa ndi kumapeto kwa masika kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mulimonsemo, madzi bwino mutabzala azaleas ndi rhododendrons. Musagwiritse ntchito feteleza pa nthawi yobzala; Masamba atsopano ndi mizu sizinakonzedwe kuti mchere ukhale wochuluka, ndipo akhoza kuwotchedwa.
Mitengo Yamtengo Wapatali
Popeza azaleas ndi rhododendron zimakonda mthunzi, muyenera kusankha mtengo wabwino wa mthunzi kuti ukhale pafupi nawo. Kodi mtengo uliwonse wamthunzi udzachita? Ayi. Azalea ndi Rhododendron zomera ngati nthaka ya asidi ndipo alibe mizu yozama. Mtengo wamthunzi umagwirizana nawo sungaganizire nthaka ya asidi ndipo idzakhalabe mizu yozama. Pakuti ngati mtengo wamthunzi, monga azaleas ndi rhododendrons, uli ndi mizu yosalala, idzakhala mpikisano ndi tchire lanu.
Masamba a Rhododendron ndi Azalea a Henning amasonyeza mitengo yambiri yamthunzi yomwe imagwirizana ndi azaleas ndi rhododendron pakati pawo kukhala oak ( Quercus rubra ). Mthunzi wofiira ndi wolima mwamsanga, potsiriza kufika pamtunda wa mamita 60 mpaka 75, ndi kufalikira kwa mamita 40-50. Mtundu wofiira wa masamba ake autumn umapanga masamba abwino ogwa m'madera okwera 4-8. Kuwonjezera apo, mtengo waukulu wa oak ndi umodzi wa mitengo yowonongeka , chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'midzi ya kumidzi ndi kumidzi.
Pambuyo pa azaleas ndi zomera za rhododendron zakhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika komwe mwawabzala, sitepe yotsatira yosamalira zitsamba izi ndi feteleza. Koma ngakhale apo, samalani kuti musadwale-manyowa. Musagwirizane ndi lingaliro limene limati, "Ngati feteleza zina ndi zabwino, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukhala bwino." Pali feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba za azalea ndi rhododendrons, zosakaniza zomwe zingagulidwe ku malo osungiramo katundu ndi makina akuluakulu a hardware. Tsatirani malangizo pa cholembera cha feteleza, kupatula mwina kwa malangizo amodzi: kuchuluka kwa feteleza kuti agwiritse ntchito. Dulani kuti theka . Kawirikawiri ndi bwino kukhala osamala pa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kuti musayambe kutentha zomera zanu.
Nthawi yabwino kuti manyowa azalea ndi rhododendrons azitha kumaliza pomwe akutha.
Mulch
Kuphatikizira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kusamalira bwino azitsamba ndi azhododronons. Mizu ya zomera zosasambikayi imakhala ndi chitetezo chomwe mulch chimapereka motsutsana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuzizira, komanso kupewa kuyanika. Kumbukirani, kuti zomera izi ngati nthaka yokonzedwa bwino sizikutanthauza kuti zimakhala zouma. Azaleas ndi rhododendron sizomera zapululu; amakonda madzi. Iwo samangokhala kukhala mmenemo kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zingayambitse mizu yawo kuvunda.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya azaleas ndi rhododendrons nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi amitundu, monga pine udzu (ngakhale akatswiri ena tsopano akutsutsa lingaliro lakuti pine singano zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala yowonjezereka ).
Kudulira
Dulani azaleas ndi rhododendron nthawi yomweyo mutatha kutuluka (nthawi zambiri mu June mu zones 5). Kudulira tchire patapita nthawi kusiyana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingasokoneze chitukuko cha masamba a chaka chamawa. Yambani mwa kudulira nthambi zakufa kapena zovulazidwa, zomwe zingayambitse matenda ndi tizilombo m'mabuku. Kenaka mutenge mzere wamtali, mikono miyendo yambirimbiri ikuwombera pamwamba pa chitsamba. Izi zidzalimbikitsa mawonekedwe okongola, ofanana.
Chizoloŵezi choyenera cha kudulira azaleas ndi mapiritsi, limodzi ndi malangizo ena othandizira omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa, athandizirani zitsamba za maluwa zomwe zimapereka malo anu ndi mipando yotsegula maso kapena zomera zazithunzi kwa zaka zikubwerazi.