Aythya fuligula
Ndi dambo lolimba komanso lalitali, bakha lomweli ndi losiyana. Mbalamezi zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira bwino mmadera ambiri, komabe, chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwakukulu ndi abakha ofanana. Mbalame zomwe zimaphunzira zambiri za bulu uyu wa Eurasi zikhoza kuzindikira ndi kuzizindikira mosavuta.
Dzina Loyamba: Tufted Duck, Chikapu Chakumphawi, Tufted Diver, Tufted Scaup, Crested Duck, Magpie Diver, Black Wigeon, Black Poker, Lapmark Duck
Dzina la sayansi : Aythya fuligula
Scientific Family : Anatidae
Maonekedwe:
- Bill : Wowonjezera, wamafuta, wabuluu-imvi ndi nsonga yakuda kwambiri ndi msomali
- Kukula kwake : Ndimasentimita 15-19 m'litali ndi mapiko a masentimita 30-35, mutu waukulu, wonyezimira wodetsedwa kuchokera kumutu , pamphumi
- Mitundu : Yakuda, yoyera, ya buluu-imvi, yachikasu, dzimbiri-bulauni, imvi
- Zizindikiro : Dimorphic mitundu . Amuna ndi opaka mdima wonyezimira, kupatula zosiyana, zoyera zoyera ndi mimba yoyera, ndipo kumbuyo kumatha kuwoneka wakuda kwambiri kuposa wakuda. Mutu ndi khosi zingasonyeze kuwala kofiirira kapena kobiriwira mumdima wonyezimira kwambiri. Zakazi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zovala zosasamba kapena zowoneka bwino m'mphepete mwake, ndipo zovala zogulitsa zimakhala zoyera ndi streaking imvi. Azimayi amakhala ndi zifupi zochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna, ndipo amatha kusonyeza chigamba choyera kwambiri pamunsi mwa ndalamazo, ngakhale kuti izi sizikuoneka nthawi zonse. Kumbuyo kumakhala kozizira kwambiri kuposa pansi. Pa anyamata onsewa, maso ndi golide wonyezimira, ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi omwe ali ndi nsalu ndi imvi.
Amitundu ali ofanana ndi achikulire aakazi, koma ali ndi zochepa zosiyana ndi zachikazi.
Mitundu ndi yamtundu umodzi, komabe nthawi zambiri imasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitanda yodabwibwi yodabwitsa.
Zakudya : Zomera za m'madzi, amphibians, crustaceans, mbewu, mollusks, tirigu, tizilombo toyambitsa madzi ( Onani: Omnivorous )
Habita ndi Kusamukira:
Mabakha awa amathamanga matupi a madzi ozama monga nyanja, pang'onopang'ono-kuyenda mitsinje komanso malo enieni ndi malo opangira. Iwo angapezekanso m'mapaki opezeka mumzinda kumene malowe kapena nyanja zili bwino.
Amakhaka amakonda malo okhala m'madzi, koma amapezeka kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'nyanja yozizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Mabakhawa amapezeka chaka chonse kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, kuphatikizapo United Kingdom. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, kuswana kwawo kumadutsa ku Iceland, Scandinavia ndi ku Russia konse. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumwera kwa Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa Africa kuphatikizapo mtsinje wa Nile. Kum'maŵa, nyengo yawo yozizira imakhala yochokera ku Middle East kudutsa India kupita kummawa kwa China ndi Japan. Zili zambiri makamaka ku Italy, nyanja ya Caspian ndi malo omwewo.
Ngakhale kuti abakhawa sapezeka m'madera ambiri a kumpoto kwa America, chiŵerengero chochepa chimafika ku Alaska chakumadzulo pachaka. Zoona zojambulajambula zingathe kulembedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic kumpoto, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo malo osawerengeka amadziŵika kwambiri m'dera la Great Lakes.
Zolemba:
Mabakhawa nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, koma amakhala ndi maitanidwe okondwa, osowa nkhumba ndi otsika mluzi monga gawo lawo.
Makhalidwe:
Makhalidwe abwino amakhala abulu opambana, akuyenda mamita makumi asanu pansi pa madzi pamene akuwomba. Amatha kukhala osasamala pambuyo pa nyengo yoswana, ndipo amasonkhanitsa m'gulu lalikulu lomwe likhoza kusakanikirana ndi abakha ena, makamaka scaups ndi abakha azungu.
Akadabwa, amachoka pamadzi mofulumira, akuthamanga pang'ono pamtunda kuti akafike mofulumira kwambiri kuti apulumuke.
Kubalanso:
Mabulu omwe amakhalapo amodzimodzi ndipo amaonetsa mwachidule maukwati omwe akuphatikizirapo kuphatikizapo kugwedeza mutu ndi kugwedeza ndalama. Mkaziyo amamanga chisa chakuya kapena chisa chachisa cha udzu, akuchiphimba nacho pansi. Chisachi nthawi zambiri chimakhala pansi pa chitsamba kapena udzu wandiweyani. Mazirawo amawoneka ngati ovunda ndipo amawonekera kuchokera ku chikasu choyera kapena chobiriwira, ndipo pali mazira 7-12 pa mwana aliyense.
Mkaziyo amachititsa mazira masiku 25-29. Pambuyo pa anapiye, amatha kuchoka chisa mwamsanga ndipo ayamba kuthawa kuti akalowe m'maola 48. Makolo onse awiri amatsogolera ndi kuteteza ana a nkhono, zomwe zimatenga ulendo wawo woyamba pa masiku 50-55.
Achinyamata amakhala ndi makolo awo kwa masiku 110 pamene akukula.
Mabakhawa amawotcha mitundu yofanana, kuphatikizapo scaups, mapalawa aang'ono ndi abakha am'mbali. Kuchulukanso kochepa kawirikawiri kwakhala kotchulidwa ndi amodzi omwe ali ndi amphawi ndi mallards.
Makoswe Amene Amakopeka:
Ngakhale abakhawo sali mtundu wam'mbuyo, amatha kukopeka ndi malo abwino okhala ndi zamoyo zam'madzi kuti azidyetsa mokwanira. Kusunga malo amenewa n'kofunika kuti akope abakhawa.
Kusungidwa:
Mabakha awa ali ambiri ndipo ambiri. M'madera ena zomwe zimakhala zikukula chifukwa cha mchenga ndi miyala yamatabwa zomwe zimapanga malo ena okhala malo abwino. Mabakhawa amapezeka mafuta ndi zina zowononga mankhwala, komabe, ndipo akhoza kuthandizidwa kwambiri ndi ntchentche ya avian . M'mayiko ena, makamaka Denmark, Italy ndi Iran, abakha amatha kuyendetsedwa ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi .
Mbalame zofanana:
- Dongo Yamphongo ( Aythya collaris )
- Great Scaup ( Aythya Marila )
- Kuchokera Kwambiri ( Aythya Affinis )