Mitundu Yamitundu ndi Mndandanda wa Mitundu ya Vulture

Nthawi zambiri mimba imayamikiridwa, mbalame zosamvetsetseka. Ngakhale kuti pangakhale mitundu 23 yokhala ndi vulture padziko lonse lapansi, malingana ndi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagawanika kapena imagwidwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, iliyonse imadzaza chilengedwe chofunikira kwambiri. Mbalame zonsezi zimathandiza kuyeretsa chilengedwe mwa kudya nyama , zomwe zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa matenda ku miyendo yakale, yowola. Matendawa angakhudze mbalame zina ndi nyama zakutchire, kuphatikizapo anthu, ndipo zingakhudze nthaka ndi madzi komanso kuipitsa mbewu ndi magwero a madzi ndi mabakiteriya owopsa ndi matenda.

Mwamwayi, mitundu 14 ya mimba ndi zowawa padziko lapansi, zoposa theka la mitundu yonse ya mbalame zotchedwa vulture, zimaonedwa kuti zimaopsezedwa kapena zowonongeka, zina mwazo zowonongeka kwa anthu m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Chifukwa cha zoopseza zosiyanasiyana , kuphatikizapo poizoni, kugunda kwa galimoto, ndi electrocution, anthuwa amatha kupitirira popanda kuthandizidwa mwamsanga. Kuphunzira zambiri za mbalame zapaderazi ndi sitepe yoyamba yosungira zowonongeka, ndipo chinthu choyamba kuphunzira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatumbo ndi mayina awo omwe amodzi ndi asayansi. Kodi mukudziwa mitundu yambiri ya mbalame yotani?

Mitundu ya Zithunzi

Pali zigawo ziwiri zosiyana za ziwalo: Mbalame Zakale ndi Zatsopano za Mdziko. Ngakhale mitundu yonseyi ikugawana zizindikiro zodabwitsa ndikukhala ndi chilengedwe chimodzimodzi monga "chilengedwe cha oyera mtima" pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumakhala pakati pawo.

• Zizindikiro Zatsopano za Dziko
  Mbalamezi zimapezeka kokha ku New World North ndi South America, kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Argentina komanso ku Caribbean. Iwo ali a banja la sayansi Cathartidae , ndipo amaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mimba ndi condors. Mbalamezi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi timadzi timadzi tokoma komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo momangokhalira kugwiritsira ntchito raptors, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amakambirana ngati mbalame zomwe zimadya chifukwa cha zakudya zawo . Nkhungu Zatsopano za Dziko lapansi zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti digiri yomwe amagwiritsira ntchito fungo lawo limasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyana siyana.

• Zochitika Zakale Zadziko Lonse
  Mbalamezi zimapezeka ku Ulaya, Asia, ndi Africa ndipo zimakhala m'banja la mbalame ya Accipitridae . Iwo alibe mphamvu yowununkhiza, koma ali ndi masomphenya ochititsa chidwi kuti apewe magwero a chakudya ndi kuona. Mbalamezi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya ziphuphu mu banja lawo la sayansi, kuphatikizapo mphungu , kites, zida, ziphuphu, ndi makola. Mofanana ndi msuwani wawo wa New World, mbalamezi zimakhalanso zosangalatsa. Mitundu 16 ya vulture imatengedwa kuti ndi mitundu Yakale Yonse, ngakhale kuti mdima wam'tsogolo kapena pakati pa mitundu yofananayo ingasinthe chiwerengerocho.

Nkhungu Zatsopano ndi Zakale Zonse zimawoneka mofanana ndi mitu yawo yambiri, miyendo yolemera, mapiko ambiri, ndi ngongole. Magulu awiriwa amachitanso chimodzimodzi pamene amawotcha mitembo ndi nyama, nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu pa zakudya zabwino. Mbalame zambiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi zimakonda malo odyetserako otentha komanso ozizira omwe ali ndi zomera zambiri. Akatswiri a zofufuzira anafufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochokera ku magulu awiri a vulture kupyolera mu kuyesa kwa majeremusi ndi kufufuza, komabe, tsopano mukukhulupirira kuti zofananazo zimachokera ku kusinthika kosinthika. Magulu awiriwa a mbalame anasintha okha ndipo sali ofanana kwambiri ndi ma genetic kapena chilengedwe.

M'malo mwake, adayanjanitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zofunikira zowonongeka pazomwe zidapangidwanso. Komabe, zoopsya zomwe mbalamezi zimawopseza ndizofanana padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo onse amafunikira thandizo lathu kuti apitirize kusunga chilengedwe.

Mndandanda wa Alfabeti wa Vulture Mitundu
Zosankhidwa ndi Dzina Loyamba

* - Akuwopsezedwa kapena kuwopsya chifukwa cha chiŵerengero cha anthu chikucheperapo ndi kukula kwaopsezedwa
** - Wolemba kuti ali pangozi komanso pangozi yaikulu yotayika ngati kusungidwa kusagwiritsidwe ntchito (Zolemba za BirdLife International)

Zindikirani: Nyama Zatsopano za Dziko lapansi zimatchulidwa ndi NW - Mitundu ina yonse ili m'gulu lachilengedwe cha Old World.

• * Andesan Condor ( Vultur gryphus ) - NW
• Black Vulture ( Coragyps atratus ) - NW
• ** Condor ya California ( Gymnogyps californianus ) - NW

• * Cape Vulture ( Gyps coprotheres )
• * Cinereous Vulture ( Aegypius monachus )
• ** Mtundu wa Aigupto ( Neophron percnopterus )
• Mbalame Yaikulu Yamtundu Wambiri ( Cathartes melambrotus ) - NW
• Griffon Vulture ( Gyps fulvus )
• Mbalame ya Himalayan ( Gyps himalayensis )
• ** Vulture Yamphongo ( Necrosyrtes monachus )
• ** Indian Vulture ( Gyps indicus )
• Mfumu Vulture ( Sarcoramphus papa ) - NW
• Lammergeier (Bearded Vulture) ( Gypaetus barbatus )
• * Vulture Yoyang'aniridwa ndi Lappet ( Torgos tracheliotus )
• Mbalame Yochepa Yam'mimba ( Cathartes burrovianus ) - NW
• Nkhumba Yamtundu wa Nkhono ( Gypohierax angolensis )
• ** Vulture Wofiira ( Sarcogyps calvus )
• ** Vulture ya Rüppell ( Gyps rueppelli )
• ** Slender-Billed Vulture ( Gyps tenuirostris )
• Turkey Vulture ( Cathartes aura ) - NW
• ** White-Backed Vulture ( Gyps africanus )
• * Mtundu wa Vulture Woyera ( Trigonoceps occipitalis )
• ** Mbalame Yoyera-Kuphulika ( Gyps bengalensis )