Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za kukula kwa zomera za atikiti m'munda wanu wa ndiwo zamasamba? Artichokes zomera ndi osatha maluwa ndi mamembala a mpendadzuwa , kapena Compositae, banja. Ngakhale kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri m'madera awo a ku Mediterranean, artichokes angakhale ovuta kupeza ku United States. California ndilo dziko lokhalo lomwe lili ndi malonda akuluakulu a zamtundu wa atitchoku. Kumeneko, kukula kwa nyengo kumakhala kuyambira March mpaka May, koma mungathe kukhala ndi ubweya wamtundu wambiri m'munda mwanu m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngakhale m'madera omwe zomera za atitchoku sizili olimba, wamaluwa amatha kukulitsa bwino nthawi zonse komanso amakhala ndi masamba ambiri okoma.
Mitengo yambiri ya atitchoku imadyedwa, koma gawo lomwe nthawi zambiri amadya ndilo maluwa maluwa. Mphukira yosatsegulidwa ili ndi mizere yambiri ya msana, yomwe imakhala yobiriwira. Pansi pa Mphukira ndi atsekete wonyezimira, "mtima", womwe ndi gawo lophikidwa ndi kudyedwa.
- Masamba : Masamba obiriwira amakhala othawa, ndipo amawoneka ngati ofewa, amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Zimayambira ndi zowirira ndi zinyama.
- Maluwa : Maluwawo ndiwo omwe amagulitsidwa mumapangidwe. Zingwezo zimamangirizidwa mwamphamvu pambali yozungulira maluwa. Ngati amaloledwa kutsegula pazomera, maluwa okhwima otchedwa artichoke amakhala otsekemera, omwe amaoneka ngati ofiira, omwe amawoneka ngati onunkhira.
Dzina la Botanical
Cynara scolymus
Mayina Amodzi
Atitchoku, Artichoke ya Globe, Artichoke ya ku France, Atitchoku Yobiriwira
Malo Ovuta
Mitengo ya atitchoku imakhala yokhazikika ku USDA Zokongola 7 - 11. Artichokes imakonda malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyengo yozizira (50 - 60 madigiri F.) ndi ozizira (70 - 80 digri F. F.). Olima m'minda yamtunda akhoza kuyamba kukula m'matumbo mwa kusankha mitundu yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kuti ikatuluke masamba awo chaka choyamba, kapena kumanyengerera zomera kuti ziganizire kuti ziri m'chaka chawo chachiwiri, kapena zomera zowonjezera nyengo yozizira kuti zikhale zosawerengeka.
Zonsezi zikufotokozedwa pansipa, pansi pa "Zokuthandizani Kwakukula", m'munsimu.
Kutuluka kwa dzuwa
Mthunzi wadzaza ndi mthunzi . Zomera zimatha kusamalira mthunzi pang'ono, makamaka m'malo otentha ndi owuma, koma amaika masamba abwino kwambiri mukamakula dzuwa lonse.
Kukula msinkhu
Atitchoku zomera zimatha kukhala zazikulu komanso zamtengo wapatali, makamaka zikadzakula ngati zamoyo zaka zingapo. Ayembekezere kuti afikitse 5 - 6 ft. (H) x 4 - 5 ft. (W)
Masiku Okolola
Makhalidwe abwino, ngati madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Mediterranean ndi California, zomera zakhazikitsidwa zimabereka masamba nthawi ndi nthawi chaka chonse. Komabe, m'madera ambiri, masamba amayamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mphukira yapakati idzayamba kukula ndipo idzakololedwa ikadzafika pafupifupi mamita awiri m'lifupi mwake. Kololani pamene mabracts adakali ombidwa mwamphamvu ndipo masambawo amamva bwino. Mukhoza kudula 1 mpaka "gawo la masentimita atatu la tsinde ndi masamba, kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito.
Pambuyo pa mphukira yapakati, kudula kumbali kumayamba kupanga masamba ang'onoang'ono. Kololani pamene ali olimba ndikufika pafupifupi mainchesi 1 mpaka 3. Mphukira zing'onozing'ono zingakhale zokoma kwambiri ndi zokoma, zomwe zimafuna kutentha pang'ono pokha musadye.
Nthawi zonse masambawo atadulidwa, tsinde likhoza kuchotsedwa pansi.
Malo osungunuka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amatha kugwa. Mitengo yosatha iyenera kupitirizabe kubereka kwa zaka zisanu.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana
- "Big Heart " - mitundu yopanda thotho yomwe imatha kutentha
- "Green Globe " - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yotchuka ku malonda ku California, koma sichimasintha komanso kuti zisakhale bwino
- "Nyenyezi ya Imperial " - yosinthika mosavuta, yosavuta kukula kuchokera ku mbewu ndi kukula kuti ikhale wamkulu chaka chilichonse. 'Imperial Star' ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalimbikitsa wamaluwa kumadera 6 ndi ozizira
- "Chizungu cha Romagna" - Chilankhulo cha Italy cholowa cholowa chovomerezedwa ndi ophika
- "Violetto" - Wachiyanjano cha ku Italy adakondwera kupanga zochepa zazing'ono
Ngati artichokes imamveka ngati ntchito yoposa momwe mukuyandikira, ganizirani kukula kwa msuwani wawo, khadi. Mankhwalawa amavomereza mofanana kwambiri ndi amphuno, koma mumadya tsinde la mbewu, m'malo moyembekezera kuti masambawo apange.
Mmene Mungakonzekere Kareko.
Artichoke Kukula Nsonga
Nthaka: Artichokes imakula bwino mumalo osalowerera kwa nthaka pang'ono pH pakati pa 6.0 ndi 7.0. Amafunika kuthira bwino, loamy soi l ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi . Madzi abwino ndi ofunikira kuti mizu ikhale yozizira m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira, komabe nthaka iyeneranso kusunga madzi okwanira kuti mizu ikhale yovuta, nthawi yotentha. Ndikofunika kwambiri pamene mukukula zamtundu wazing'ono monga osatha, kutenga nthawi yokonzanso nthaka musanadzalemo, kuonetsetsa kuti idzakula bwino m'tsogolo. Ngati nthaka yanu ili yosauka, ganizirani kukula kwa artichokes m'mabedi okwezeka .
Kukula kwa Artichokes kuchokera Mbewu : Yambani mbewu m'nyumba, osachepera masabata asanu ndi limodzi musanafike tsiku lanu lotentha lachisanu. Azimitsetseni musanabzala kunja, koma musadikire mpaka pangozi yonse ya chisanu yadutsa. Artichokes amafunika kukhumudwa pang'ono (osati kumasula) asanakhazikitse masamba. Izi zikhoza kuchitika poika mbewu zanu mkatikatikati mwa masika ndikuziwonetsa iwo kwa sabata kapena masiku khumi kutentha kwa madigiri 50 F. kapena pang'ono.
Mankhwalawa amakulirakulira ku mbewu ndipo mumatha kupeza zomera zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mbeu yanu yoyamba ngati mutayesa kusunga mbewu ku zomera zanu. Mudzakhala bwino bwino pogula mbewu zomwe zakula kale.
Kubzala: Artichokes nthawi zambiri amakula kuchokera korona . Ndiwowonjezereka kuposa kukula kwa mbewu ndipo simudzasowa nthawi yowonongeka. M'madera 9 mpaka 11, amatsenga amatha kubzalidwa m'chaka kapena kugwa. Olima m'minda yozizira amayenera kubzala m'chaka.
Onetsetsani kuti mumachoka malo ambiri kuti afalikire, pamene akukula. Zomera zosatha zimatha kutulutsa 5 - 6 mapazi. Artichokes yomwe imakula ngati chaka, kapena pamene nsonga zidzaphedwa ndi chisanu, sizingakhale zazikulu ndipo zikhoza kufalikira pang'ono.
Kusamalira Artichoke Chipinda
Sungani bedi lodzala udzu kwaulere. Kuwonjezera masentimita 3 mpaka 4 a mulch adzadula namsongole ndikusunga mizu yozizira komanso nthaka yonyowa.
Popeza izi ndizomera zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ndipo zimabala nthawi yaitali, zimapindula ndi kudyetsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ikani feteleza yoyenera yomwe imatchedwa zomera zosakaniza, masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Zosamalira Zima:
- Zigawo 8 ndi Zapamwamba : Pambuyo nthawi yokolola ikadula, dulani mbeu ku dothi la pansi ndikuphimba ndi 2 - 4-inches a mulch organic, ngati udzu.
- Zigawo 6 - 7: Pambuyo kukolola kotsiriza, dulani zomera mpaka masentimita 12 mpaka 18. Dulani chomeracho ndi mulch, monga udzu, masamba, kapena kompositi ndikuphimba izo ndi dengu lalikulu. Khululukanso mzere wina wa udzu kapena masamba mumdengu ndikuphimba chirichonse ndi tarp yopanda madzi.
- Gawo lachisanu ndi lachisanu: Mukhoza kuyesa njira yomwe yaperekedwa pamwambapa, pa Zigawo 6 mpaka 7 kapena mukhoza kuyimitsa zomera zanu, kuzipita ku malo amdima omwe amakhala ozizira, koma pamwamba pa kuzizira, ndi madzi nthawi zina m'nyengo yozizira. Sungani miphika panja, pambuyo pa ngozi yonse ya chisanu, ndipo mwina mubwerere m'nthaka kapena mupitilize kukula muzitsulo.
Kaya muli malo anu kapena njira, chotsani chophimba nthawi zonse mumtunda, nthaka itangoyamba ndipo pasanafike chisanu .
Mitengo ya atitchoku imayenera kubala kwa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu. Panthawi imeneyo, muyenera kuzindikira mphukira pamunsi pa chomeracho. Mukhoza kukweza, kugawa ndi kubzala mphukira zatsopano.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Artichokes
Zomwe zimapangidwira bwino zimapangidwa bwino pamene zophikidwa mophweka komanso zokonzedwa mophweka: Zopangira Zophika Artichokes
Maphikidwe
- Yotchedwa Artichokes
- Nkhani Zowonongeka
- Zimalonda za Artichokes Steamed
Kugwiritsira ntchito Artichokes monga Zomera Zokongoletsera
Nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa ngati zitsamba komanso kuyang'ana kwazitali. Popeza nyama zochepa zimayambitsa artichokes, musaope kuzibzala m'malire anu okongola, monga malo odyera . Mutha kuzikolola mwachidwi, koma zomera zamtengo wapatali ndi masamba ophatikizira adzawonjezera chidwi pa nyengo yonseyi.
Tizilombo toononga ndi Matenda
Ndi tizirombo timene timayambitsa artichokes. Slugs ingakhale vuto panthawi yamvula, makamaka ndi achinyamata, mwachikondi masamba. Nsabwe za m'masamba zingakhalenso zosokoneza koma zingathetsedwe, zisanathe. Kupatsa malo okwanira kuti mpweya uziyenda momasuka kumathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto a aphid.
Botrytis, kapena nkhungu imvi, imakhudza masamba ndi maluwa. Ndilofala kwambiri pa masamba owonongeka, omwe adzasanduka bulauni ndiyeno imvi. Chotsani masamba okhudzidwa mwamsanga pamene matendawa azindikiridwa. Pa matenda akuluakulu, gwiritsani ntchito fungicide yotchedwa zomera zomwe zimadya, monga neem .
Zotsatira:
- Mmene Mungakulire Otsitsimula Oregon State University Extension Service
- Aritikiti M'munda Utah State University Cooperative Extension Service
- Mbewu Yachigawo Yopadera: Globe Artichoke Virginia Cooperative Extension