01 a 04
Mmene Mungakulire Kolifulawa
(queryamit queryamit) Kolifulawa ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zowonjezera kabichi zomwe zimawomba nyengo yozizira. Mark Twain adautcha "Kabichi ndi maphunziro a koleji", koma sitikuganiza kuti ndi kabichi yokhala ndi mpweya. Kolifulawa ali ndi mtedza wosiyana kwambiri, pafupi ndi broccoli mu kukoma. Waukulu amadya gawo onse kolifulawa ndi broccoli ndi maluwa bud, kupanga iwo onse edible maluwa .
Kolifulawa sizomera zovuta kwambiri kukula, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha, komabe pali TLC yaying'ono, ikhoza kukhala masamba ophindu kwa munda wanu. Mudzakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ngati mutayambitsa kolifulawa kuchokera ku mbewu.
Mitundu yoyera iyenera kukhala blanched , mwa kuphimba mutu ndi masamba ake. Mitundu yofiirira imachokera ku anthocyanin, antioxidant. Tsoka ilo, mtundu wonse ndi ubwino wake umatha ndi kuphika. Ndipo ngozi yodala imatsogolera maolivi a lalanje, omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa beta-carotene.
- Masamba: Masamba wandiweyani ndi ovunda adanena pakati pa nthiti ndi mitsempha. Masamba ndi tsinde la kolifulawa zonse zimadya.
- Maluwa: Mutu wa kolifulawa umapangidwa ndi maluwa odzaza kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amawatcha kuti zowonongeka. Maluwa enieni a kolifulawa ndi odziwa bwino 4 pamtanda womwe umapatsa banja la ndiwo zamasamba dzina lake cruciferous.
Dzina la Latin
Brassica oleracea
Dzina Loyamba
Kolifulawa
Malo Ovuta
Kolifulawa zomera ndi biennial , ngakhale kuti zikhoza kubzala mbewu nyengo yoyamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa nyengo. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kusunga mbewu, muyenera kusiya mbewu zomwe simunazitenge, mwinamwake m'nyengo yozizira, motetezedwa ndi kuzizira.
Chiwonetsero
Zomera zimakula bwino kwambiri dzuwa lonse , ngakhale mthunzi wochepa pang'ono ukhoza kuteteza zomera kuti zikhale zowomba kapena kuphulika (kupanga timitu ting'onoting'onoting'ono), mu nyengo yotentha.
Kukula msinkhu
Kukula kwa mutu kumadalira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mukukula, koma pakati pa 6 mpaka 12 mkati.
Masiku Okolola
Mitundu yambiri ya kolifulawa imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kuti ikhale yokhwima, ngakhale ena ali mofulumira pang'ono ndipo ena akhoza kutenga miyezi itatu. Popeza sizingakhazikitse mitu yotentha ndipo ingathe kusamalira chisanu chokha, onetsetsani kuti mumasankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti zidzakula mu nyengo yanu. Izi zikutanthauza mitundu yofulumira mofulumira ngati kasupe kapena kugwa kwanu kuli kochepa. Mitundu yochulukirapo ndizosankha zabwino kwa wamaluwa mofatsa kapena mochedwa. Amaluwa m'madera ozizira kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mwayi wotulutsa zowonongeka pakati pa chilimwe ndi kukolola mu kugwa.
Kololani pamene mitu ifikira kukula kofunikako ndipo pamene masambawo akadali olimba. Musawasiye iwo motalika kwambiri, kapena maluwa adzatsegulidwa. Zingakhale bwino kuwadula akakhwima ndi kuwawombera kuti agwiritse ntchito. Njira ina ndiyo kukweza mbeu yonse ndikuisunga, mizu, tsinde ndi zonse zowonongeka, pamalo ozizira ndi owuma.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana
Zikuwoneka kuti obzala mbewu amakonda kusewera ndi caulifulawa chifukwa mitundu yatsopano ikuwonekera nthawi zonse. Gwiritsani ntchito malingaliro anu pa ofesi yanu yowonjezereka yogwirira ntchito, kuti mupeze mitundu yomwe ili bwino kwambiri m'deralo.
- Mzimayi wobiriwira F1: Mitengo yobiriwira ndi zokoma zabwino ndipo palibe blanching yofunikira. (Masiku 60 - 65)
- Chipale chofewa F1: Chimodzi mwa zosavuta kukula mitundu yoyera ndi chisanu cha kulekerera ndi nyengo yochepa. (Masiku 50 mpaka 55)
- di Sicilia Violetta, aka Violetta wa Sicily kapena ena akuchokera: Wokongola wofiira, Wachifalansa wolowa m'malo mwawo wokoma, nutty kukoma. (Masiku 70 - 80)
- Cheddar F1: Mitu yabwino kwambiri ya lalanje yomwe imachedwa kuchepa. (Masiku 55 mpaka 60)
Malangizo Okula
Nthaka: Kolifulawa imafuna nthaka yolemera mu zinthu zakuthupi , ndi nthaka pH pakati pa 6.0 - 7.0. Nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa bwino, koma kolifulawa imafunika chinyezi chosasinthika, kuteteza batani.
Kubzala: Yambani mbewu mkati mwa masabata 4 mpaka 6 musanafike nthawi yanu yotsiriza ya chisanu. Kolifulawa sakonda kukhala ndi mizu yosokonezeka (ndinanena kuti inali yovuta), kotero mapepala kapena mapepala a mapepala akulimbikitsidwa. Chomera mbeu ½ kuti ½ mkati mwakuya ndi kusunga lonyowa. Adzaphuka mofulumira ngati atentha (65 - 70 F.)
Kaya mukubzala mbande zanu kapena ena ogula ku sitolo, onetsetsani kuti mukuwumitsa zozizira zanu musanaziike m'munda. Mitengo ya mlengalenga pafupi 18 mpaka 24 mkati, kupatsa masamba akunja zambiri.
Kusungirako
Kolifulawa amafunikira chinyezi chosasinthasintha komanso zambiri. Popanda madzi okwanira, mituyo imakhala yowawa. Perekani madzi osachepera awiri pa sabata ndikuonetsetsa kuti ikulowetsa 6 mpaka 8 mkati. Kusiya nthaka youma m'nyengo yotentha kumapangitsa kuti masambawo atsegulidwe pang'ono, kupanga mitu "mpunga", m'malo mocheka. Mulch pakubzala nthawi, kuti nthaka ikhale yozizira ndikuthandizani kusunga chinyezi.
Popeza kolifulawa amatenga nthawi yaitali kuti akulire, zakudya zina zowonjezera zidzafunika. Dyetsani masabata awiri kapena 4 aliwonse ndi feteleza monga feteleza ndi emulsion ya nsomba.
Kolifulawa yoyera iyenera kukhala blanched ngati mukufuna kuti ikhale yoyera. Zakudya sizimasintha kwambiri ngati mulola kuti zikhale zachikasu, koma zikuwoneka kuti zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zimakhala zokongola kwambiri ngati zili ndi blanche. Yambani blanching mutu pamene ali pafupi kukula kwa dzira lalikulu. Yambani njirayi pamene zomera zowuma, kuti musayambe kuvunda. Njira yachikhalidwe ya blanch ndi kupukuta masamba ena akuluakulu pamutu ndi kuwatchinga kapena kuwapeza pambali inayo. Mukhoza kuwagonjetsa ndi thanthwe kapena kuwamangiriza. Musagwirizane nawo masamba molimba kwambiri; mukufuna kuteteza kuwala, koma khalani m'malo kuti mutu ukule.
Masamba akapezeka, yesetsani kuwasakaniza ndi kuyang'anitsitsa pansi pafupipafupi kuti muwone kuti tizilombo sitikuwagwiritsa ntchito pobisala.
Ngati izi zikumveka ngati khama lambiri, mungathe kuziphimba ndi chidebe chosokoneza. Kapena mutenge njira yowonjezera ndikukula limodzi la mitundu yamitundu. Sakusowa kuti akhale blanched.
Tizilombo ndi Mavuto
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Chosowa chofewa chimakhala chachilendo, ndipo pali zambiri, kuphatikizapo mphutsi, kabichi, ndi mphutsi za kabichi . Zithunzi zazing'ono zimakhalanso zokongola kwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi utitiri wa maluwa, makamaka ngati mwakula m'chaka.
Zilombo zakutchire: Zoweta zodyera zimakonda kwambiri mbewu za cole. Kuchenjeza kapena kutsekemera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoletsera.
Matenda: Pano kachiwiri, mbewu za cole zimakhala zovuta, ndi blackleg, wovunda wakuda ndi mizu ya club yomwe imatsogolera phukusi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musabzale mbewu zokolola pamalo omwewo, chaka ndi chaka, ndikuyeretsanso zowonongeka kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuti muteteze matenda pa nyengo yozizira.
Vuto lina lofala la kolifulawa ndi nsonga za masamba zomwe zimapangidwira. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa boron m'nthaka. Kelp kapena feteleza zamchere zimathandiza kuthana ndi izi.
02 a 04
Kodi Kolifulawa Waku Orange?
(Mwachilolezo cha Territorial Seed Company) Mbalame yotchedwa "cauliflowers" ya mtundu wa Orange yakhala ikugwedezeka kuchokera ku chibadwa chamtundu wina chomwe chinapezeka m'chaka cha 1970. Mbalame ya lalanje idachitika chifukwa ili ndi beta-carotene, ngati kaloti wa malalanje. Si GMO, yomwe imakhala yodetsedwa .
Mutha kuwona kuti ikugulitsidwa ngati "Cheddar" kolifulawa, koma sichilawa ngati tchizi. Zimakoma ngati kolifulawa wokoma, nutri.
03 a 04
Chimene Chimachititsa Kolifula Maluwa Oyera
(Marie Iannotti) Kolifulawa wofiira akhala akuzungulira kwa mibadwo yonse. Pali mitundu yambiri ya heirloom, monga yotchedwa ' Purple ya Sicily', ndi zina zatsopano zakutchire. Onse amapeza mtundu wawo wofiirira kuchokera ku antioxidant anthocyanin, monga red kabichi, mphesa zofiira, ndi vinyo wofiira.
Mwamwayi, masamba ambiri ofiira amatha kutayika mtundu wawo pamene akuphika, ndipo silifulawa wofiirira sizomwezo.
04 a 04
Kuti Pakhale Vuto Leniyeni, Khalani Romanesco
(Marie Iannotti) Masamba achilendowa amatchulidwa kuti 'Romanesco' broccoli, koma amakhalanso ndi caulifulawa. Mwinamwake mtanda pakati pa ziwiri ndipo si masamba ophweka kwambiri kukula. Ndikofunika kuyesera, ngakhalebe. Mphepetezi zimapangidwira mu fakitale. Kuwonjezera pa kukhala wokongola, imakhala ndi mtedza wabwino komanso wokoma.
Sources University of Illinois
University of Iowa State
West Virginia University Extension